Liste des publications du Think Tank du PE
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Liste des publications du Think Tank du PE
https://www.europarl.europa.eu/thinktank
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Mot-clé "Argentine"
11 Résultat(s) trouvé(s)
Date de création : 08-12-2021New plant-breeding techniques: Applicability of EU GMO rules
Type de publicationBriefing
Date 13-11-2020
Auteur LAANINEN Tarja
Domaine politique Sécurité des aliments
Mot-clé amélioration des plantes | Argentine | Australie | autorisation de vente | Canada | directive CE | Japon | jurisprudence
(UE) | législation phytosanitaire | nouvelle technologie | organisme génétiquement modifié | politique de l'UE |
production végétale | sécurité des aliments | États-Unis
Résumé New plant genetic modification techniques, referred to as 'gene editing' or 'genome editing', have evolved rapidly in
recent years, allowing much faster and more precise results than conventional plant-breeding techniques. They are
seen as a promising innovative field for the agri-food industry, offering great technical potential. Consumers could
benefit from enhanced nutritional quality or reduced allergenicity of food, for example, such as gluten-reduced wheat.
There is, however, considerable debate as to how these new techniques should be regulated, and whether some or all
of them should fall within the scope of EU legislation on genetically modified organisms (GMOs). Those who take the
view that the new techniques should be exempt from GMO legislation generally argue that the end product is very
similar to products generated using conventional breeding techniques, or that similar changes could also occur
naturally. Those who consider that the new techniques should fall within the scope of GMO legislation contend that the
processes used mean that plants bred using the new techniques are in fact genetically modified. In July 2018, the
Court of Justice of the European Union ruled that genome-edited organisms fall under the scope of European GMO
legislation. While welcomed by some, the judgment also sparked criticism and calls for the new European Commission
to amend EU GMO legislation. In November 2019, the Council requested that the Commission submit a study in light
of the Court of Justice judgment regarding the status of novel genomic techniques (NGTs), by 30 April 2021. This is an
updated edition of an October 2019 Briefing.
Briefing EN
Argentina: Economic indicators and trade with EU
Type de publication En bref
Date 07-12-2018
Auteur GRIEGER Gisela | SABBATI Giulio
Domaine politique Affaires étrangères | Commerce international
Mot-clé Argentine | chômage | commerce extérieur | finances publiques | indicateur économique | produit intérieur brut | prêt
BEI | statistique
Résumé In 2017, Argentina’s economy continued its gradual recovery from major macroeconomic imbalances with a GDP per
capita growth rate of 2.9% thanks to austerity measures and a comprehensive reform agenda. However, inflation at
25.7% and unemployment at 8.5% remained high. Whereas economic fundamentals were slowly improving and the
country’s political context remained stable after president Mauricio Macri made political gains at the mid-term
legislative elections in October 2017, a crisis of confidence hit the economy in spring 2018. The crisis exposed
vulnerabilities resulting from Argentina’s fiscal and current account deficit and large foreign-denominated debt. As the
peso continued its downward trend in autumn 2018, although Argentina secured an IMF US$50 billion credit line and
committed to new austerity measures, the economic context is likely to harden ahead of the 2019 presidential
elections. With a share of 16.2% of Argentina’s overall trade, the EU is the country’s second largest trading partner
after Brazil that accounts for 21.9%. In 2017, EU exports to Argentina increased to almost €10 billion, while EU imports
slightly decreased to more than €8 billion. Total imports of primary products from Argentina declined and those of
manufactures, notably chemicals, grew. EU exports of both primary products and manufactures, particularly machinery
and appliances as well as transport equipment, increased.
En bref EN
The G20 Summit in Buenos Aires
Type de publicationEn bref
Date 29-11-2018
Auteur LAZAROU Eleni
Domaine politique Affaires étrangères
Mot-clé Argentine | changement climatique | Chine | différend commercial | droits de l'homme | Groupe des Vingt | mouvement
pour les droits de l'homme | Organisation mondiale du commerce | réunion au sommet | société civile | États-Unis
Résumé On 30 November and 1 December 2018, Argentina hosts the 13th Group of Twenty (G20) summit. This is the first time
that a G20 summit is being hosted by a South American country, coinciding with the 10th anniversary of the
consolidation of the G20 at leader level following the 2008 summit in Washington. Main challenges will include
achieving consensus on climate and trade, with US-China relations being a decisive factor in the latter.
En bref EN
08-12-2021 Source : © Union européenne, 2021 - PE 1Major sporting events versus human rights: Parliament's position on the 1978 FIFA World Cup in
Argentina and the 1980 Moscow Olympics
Type de publication Briefing
Date 13-06-2018
Auteur SALM Christian
Domaine politique Culture | Droits de l''homme
Mot-clé Argentine | audition publique | droits de l'homme | débat parlementaire | histoire contemporaine | manifestation sportive
| Parlement européen | Russie | résolution PE | URSS | violence politique
Résumé Major sports events and politics are closely intertwined. Well-known historical examples of major sporting events that
were used by regimes for political propaganda purposes are the 1978 FIFA World Cup in Argentina and the 1980
Summer Olympic Games in Moscow. The 1978 World Cup took place around two years after the Argentinian military
regime's right-wing coup and its violent repression of critics, and was then the most political World Cup in the history of
the International Federation of Association Football (Fédération Internationale de Football Association: FIFA). The
1980 Summer Olympic Games in Moscow were the first to take place in eastern Europe and the first to be held in a
socialist country. In addition, the 1980 Summer Olympic Games unleashed a hitherto, in the history of major sporting
events, unprecedented boycott by 60 countries, in protest against the Soviet Union's invasion of Afghanistan in
December 1979. The European Parliament's involvement in the debates on the political reaction to these two major
sporting events is a largely unknown aspect of the history of the 1978 World Cup and the 1980 Summer Olympic
Games. This Briefing will reconstruct these debates and the policy action that followed, based on new analysis of
sources held in the Parliament's Historical Archives, and demonstrates that the EP's leitmotiv was the violation of
human rights in both countries. Furthermore, the Briefing shows that these debates set the basis for the EP's current
policy action when it comes to major sports events in countries with a poor track record of human rights.
Briefing EN
Argentina ahead of the 2017 mid-term elections
Type de publication En bref
Date 10-10-2017
Auteur GRIEGER Gisela
Domaine politique Affaires étrangères
Mot-clé accord commercial (UE) | Argentine | chef d'État | Mercosur | multipartisme | partis politiques | promotion des
investissements | reprise économique | répartition des sièges | rôle international de l'UE | élection nationale | élection
parlementaire
Résumé Since his election in 2015, Argentina's centre-right President, Mauricio Macri, has pursued sweeping domestic and
foreign policy reforms, although his 'Let's Change' (Cambiemos) coalition of centre-right and centre-left parties holds
only a minority of seats in the bicameral Congress. His presidency has marked a major shift from left-wing populism
under his predecessors, Néstor Kirchner (2003-2007) and Cristina Fernández de Kirchner (2007-2015), to economic
neoliberalism. The mid-term vote on 22 October 2017, to renew one third of the Senate and half of the Chamber of
Deputies, will reveal whether President Macri has a strong mandate to press ahead with his pro-business policies.
En bref EN
Relations commerciales entre l'UE et l'Amérique latine: Synthèse et données
Type de publicationAnalyse approfondie
Date 11-03-2016
Auteur GOMEZ RAMIREZ Enrique | LAZAROU Eleni | PUCCIO Laura | SABBATI Giulio
Domaine politique Affaires étrangères | Commerce international
Mot-clé accord commercial (UE) | accord de libre-échange | Amérique centrale | Argentine | Brésil | Cariforum | Chili | Colombie
| Communauté andine | Mercosur | Mexique | négociation d'accord (UE) | Pérou | statistique commerciale | échange
commercial | Équateur
Résumé Ces dernières années, les relations commerciales entre l'Union et les pays d'Amérique latine sont revenues au
premier plan. Ensemble, les pays constituant la Communauté des États latino-américains et des Caraïbes (CELAC)
représentent le cinquième partenaire commercial de l'Union. L'Union a conclu des accords avec deux groupes de pays
d'Amérique latine (le Cariforum et le groupe d'Amérique centrale) ainsi qu'avec quatre pays d'Amérique latine
(Mexique, Chili, Pérou et Colombie). Les accords de libre-échange conclus par l'Union avec les pays d'Amérique latine
diffèrent considérablement sur le plan des domaines couverts et de la méthodologie en fonction de l'époque où ils ont
été conclus et du contexte des négociations. L'Union souhaite à présent moderniser les ALE les plus anciens, conclus
avec le Mexique et le Chili, afin de les aligner sur les normes actuelles des ALE de l'Union. Toutefois, les négociations
de longue date relatives à un accord commercial complet avec le Mercosur — dont la conclusion signifierait que
l'Union dispose d'accords commerciaux avec la quasi-totalité de l'Amérique latine — doivent encore trouver leur
rythme de croisière.
Analyse approfondie ES, DE, EN, FR
08-12-2021 Source : © Union européenne, 2021 - PE 2Argentina: A Change of Course
Type de publication Briefing
Date 25-11-2015
Auteur TVEVAD Jesper
Domaine politique Démocratie
Mot-clé Argentine | bicamérisme | candidat | chef d'État | coalition politique | développement économique | Mercosur | partis
politiques | politique extérieure | relation commerciale | relation de l'Union européenne | répartition des sièges |
répartition des votes | résultat électoral | élection nationale | élection présidentielle
Résumé On 22 November 2015, Mauricio Macri, candidate of a coalition named 'Let's change' (Cambiemos), was elected
president of Argentina. He will assume office on 10 December. Macri received 51.4 % of the vote in the second round
of the presidential elections. His election ends 12 years of Peronist governments. Macri's victory owes much to the
high number of votes he received in urban centres, particularly in the capital Buenos Aires and the second largest city,
Córdoba. Despite Macri's final victory in the presidential elections, the 25 October parliamentary and provincial polls
showed that the Peronist movement remains the principal political force. After the 25 October Congress elections, the
Front for Victory (Frente para la Victoria, FpV), currently in government, remains the largest bloc in the new Congress,
although it lost its absolute majority in the Chamber of Deputies. Macri faces the challenge of mobilising support in
Congress for the new government's legislative proposals. The most likely scenario is that he will try to establish a
coalition with the Peronist factions opposed to President Cristina Fernández and the FpV. The new government is
likely to take measures to liberalise and open up the economy. The new government will seek strengthened links with
the USA and the EU, and may well push for trade liberalisation in Mercosur. Macri has announced that he will ask for
Mercosur's 'democratic clause' to be invoked against Venezuela. Macri has stressed the need to advance towards a
Mercosur-EU free trade agreement. Overall, the change of government appears an opportunity for renewed relations
between the EU and Argentina.
Briefing ES, EN
Argentina: Political parties and the EU
Type de publication En bref
Date 03-09-2015
Auteur CASALPRIM Eva
Domaine politique Affaires étrangères
Mot-clé accord commercial (UE) | Argentine | bicamérisme | chef d'État | multipartisme | partis politiques | répartition des
sièges | élection nationale | élection présidentielle
Résumé Argentina's presidential elections are scheduled for October 2015 and, according to the country's Constitution, Cristina
Fernández de Kirchner is not entitled to run for a third consecutive term. As regards alternative candidates, the political
landscape remains polarised after the primary elections. Argentina has a multi-party political system; however, election
results demonstrate that it is, in practical terms, bipartisan. The Peronists, represented by the Justicialist Party (PJ),
and the radicals, represented by the Civic Radical Union (UCR), effectively alternate in power. Argentinian political
decision-making is opaque, complex and volatile. Parties play for power in changing coalitions, splits and mergers,
which lead to a constantly changing political landscape of alliances.
En bref EN
Protectionism in the G20 (2015)
Type de publication Étude
Date 09-03-2015
Auteur BARONE Barbara | BENDINI Roberto
Domaine politique Affaires étrangères | Commerce international | Marché intérieur et union douanière
Mot-clé Afrique du Sud | Allemagne | Arabie saoudite | Argentine | Australie | Brésil | Canada | Chine | Corée du Sud | France |
Inde | Indonésie | Italie | Japon | libération des échanges | Mexique | organisation mondiale | politique commerciale
commune | protectionnisme | Royaume-Uni | Russie | Turquie | États-Unis
Étude EN
The Impact of Biotechnology on Developing Countries
Type de publicationAnalyse approfondie
Date 14-02-2013
Auteur externe Timo KAPHENGST (Ecologic Institute, Germany) and Lucy SMITH (Ecologic Institute, Germany)
Domaine politique Agriculture et développement rural | Environnement | Politique de recherche | Sécurité des aliments
Mot-clé Afrique du Sud | agriculture durable | amélioration des plantes | Argentine | besoin alimentaire | biodiversité |
biotechnologie | Chine | conséquence économique | impact sur l'environnement | Mexique | pays en développement |
production végétale | semence | technique culturale
Résumé Modified (GM) crops are increasingly grown in developing countries and can lead to socioeconomic benefits and costs
depending on where and how they are adopted. After examining conventional assessments of farm-level indicators
such as: yield increase, pesticide costs, farmers' incomes from GM crops, the paper goes on to argue that a variety of
structural issues at the national and international level have to be considered in order to obtain a comprehensive
picture on the potential which GM crops have to enhance food security in developing countries. Hence, the paper
further explores the relationship between GM crops and biodiversity against the backdrop of agro-ecology as a
potentially beneficial concept for smallholders in developing countries.
Analyse approfondie EN
08-12-2021 Source : © Union européenne, 2021 - PE 3Protectionism in Argentina : Old Habits Die Hard
Type de publication Briefing
Date 12-06-2012
Auteur BENDINI Roberto
Domaine politique Affaires économiques et monétaires | Commerce international | Industrie
Mot-clé Argentine | commerce extérieur | commerce international | droits de douane | industrie énergétique | investissement
étranger | nationalisation | Organisation mondiale du commerce | politique conjoncturelle | protectionnisme
Briefing EN
08-12-2021 Source : © Union européenne, 2021 - PE 4Vous pouvez aussi lire
