Liste des publications du Think Tank du PE - European Parliament
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Liste des publications du Think Tank du PE
https://www.europarl.europa.eu/thinktank
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Mot-clé "manifestation sportive"
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Date de création : 11-07-2022The 2022 FIFA World Cup in Qatar: Turning the spotlight on workers’ rights
Type de publicationBriefing
Date 16-12-2021
Auteur IMMENKAMP Beatrix
Domaine politique Droits de l''homme
Mot-clé condition de travail | droit du travail | droits de l'homme | esclavage | manifestation sportive | Organisation
internationale du travail | organisation sportive | parrainage | Qatar | salaire minimal | travailleur migrant
Résumé Enormous natural gas resources have turned Qatar into one of the world's richest countries. The 11 610 km2 nation
currently has the fourth highest GDP per capita in the world. The absolute monarchy's estimated 340 000-350 000
citizens benefit from free education, free healthcare, virtually guaranteed – and well paid – employment, and pay
almost no taxes. However, the great majority of the emirate’s nearly 3 million inhabitants live in very different
conditions. Qatar has the highest ratio of migrants in the world: 85 % of its population are migrants and 94 % of its
workforce comes from abroad, mostly from south Asia and Africa. In contrast to the small percentage of expatriates
from the West and other Gulf States, Asian and African migrants live and work in harsh conditions. Around 1 million
are employed in construction, and 100 000 are domestic workers. In December 2010, FIFA, world football's governing
body, granted Qatar the right to host the 2022 World Cup, which is scheduled to take place from 21 November to 18
December. Expanding on an existing development programme enshrined in the Qatar National Vision 2030, the
country embarked on an extensive building programme to prepare for the World Cup, involving an estimated 1 million
migrant workers. However, these preparations placed the spotlight on Qatar’s poor treatment of migrant workers. In
response to international pressure, Qatar has introduced important legal changes to improve the situation of these
workers, which the EU has welcomed. However, according to human rights organisations, the country needs to take
further steps to stop abuses. Of particular concern is the kafala sponsorship system, which is widely used throughout
the six Gulf Cooperation Council States and gives disproportionate power to employers, leading to widespread abuse
of migrant workers’ rights. Even though Qatar has started to dismantle the kafala system, important elements remain in
place. Moreover, ensuring compliance with more favourable labour laws remains a challenge. Since 2008, the
European Parliament has adopted four resolutions addressing the situation of migrant workers in Qatar; it has called
on Qatar to end the 'deplorable situation' of migrant workers and prevent preparations for the 2022 World Cup from
being 'overshadowed by allegations of forced labour'.
Briefing EN
Challenges facing sports event organisers in the digital environment
Type de publicationÉtude
Date 17-12-2020
Auteur PANELLA Lauro
Domaine politique Culture | Droit de la propriété intellectuelle | Droit des contrats, droit commercial et droit des sociétés | Législation de
l''Union: système et actes juridiques | Protection des consommateurs | Valeur ajoutée européenne
Mot-clé conséquence économique | Internet | lutte contre le crime | manifestation sportive | piratage audiovisuel | production
audiovisuelle | propriété intellectuelle
Résumé Piracy of online broadcast of sports events is a problem in the EU. No action at EU level in this field would lead to
additional burdens on economic operators and would hamper completion of the Digital Single Market. This European
Added Value Assessment (EAVA) looks at the existing EU legislation and checks if it provides sports events
organizers and their licensees with an adequate level of protection against this risk. It also presents potential EU level
action that could help solve the problem and estimates economic benefits of addressing the problem.
Étude EN
Gender equality in sports: (slowly) changing the game
Type de publication En bref
Date 27-02-2020
Auteur KATSAROVA Ivana
Domaine politique Culture | Égalité entre les femmes et les hommes, égalité et diversité
Mot-clé condition féminine | discrimination sexuelle | manifestation sportive | sport professionnel | égalité homme-femme
Résumé Even though women's presence and involvement in the Olympic Movement have progressively evolved, girls and
women across the world still get fewer opportunities and less investment, training and corporate attention when they
play sport. Today, there is still ample room for improvement when it comes to women's participation in sports
governance structures.
En bref EN
Multimédia Gender equality in sports: (slowly) changing the game
Preventing violence at football matches
Type de publication En bref
Date 05-09-2019
Auteur KATSAROVA Ivana
Domaine politique Culture | Éducation
Mot-clé houliganisme | lutte contre le crime | manifestation sportive | sport professionnel
Résumé Did you know that 120 million people attended more than 16 000 football matches across Europe in 2016, with
incidents taking place in 93% of them? Check out our infographic for more interesting facts.
En bref EN
11-07-2022 Source : © Union européenne, 2022 - PE 1Major sporting events versus human rights: Parliament's position on the 1978 FIFA World Cup in
Argentina and the 1980 Moscow Olympics
Type de publication Briefing
Date 13-06-2018
Auteur SALM Christian
Domaine politique Culture | Droits de l''homme
Mot-clé Argentine | audition publique | droits de l'homme | débat parlementaire | histoire contemporaine | manifestation sportive
| Parlement européen | Russie | résolution PE | URSS | violence politique
Résumé Major sports events and politics are closely intertwined. Well-known historical examples of major sporting events that
were used by regimes for political propaganda purposes are the 1978 FIFA World Cup in Argentina and the 1980
Summer Olympic Games in Moscow. The 1978 World Cup took place around two years after the Argentinian military
regime's right-wing coup and its violent repression of critics, and was then the most political World Cup in the history of
the International Federation of Association Football (Fédération Internationale de Football Association: FIFA). The
1980 Summer Olympic Games in Moscow were the first to take place in eastern Europe and the first to be held in a
socialist country. In addition, the 1980 Summer Olympic Games unleashed a hitherto, in the history of major sporting
events, unprecedented boycott by 60 countries, in protest against the Soviet Union's invasion of Afghanistan in
December 1979. The European Parliament's involvement in the debates on the political reaction to these two major
sporting events is a largely unknown aspect of the history of the 1978 World Cup and the 1980 Summer Olympic
Games. This Briefing will reconstruct these debates and the policy action that followed, based on new analysis of
sources held in the Parliament's Historical Archives, and demonstrates that the EP's leitmotiv was the violation of
human rights in both countries. Furthermore, the Briefing shows that these debates set the basis for the EP's current
policy action when it comes to major sports events in countries with a poor track record of human rights.
Briefing EN
Broadcasting of major sports events in the EU
Type de publication En bref
Date 28-05-2018
Auteur KATSAROVA Ivana
Domaine politique Culture | Éducation
Mot-clé droit d'auteur | manifestation sportive | production audiovisuelle | radiodiffusion
Résumé The topic of audiovisual sports rights has gained increasing relevance, including in the light of the upcoming football
World Cup in Russia this summer. As most people will not be able to attend the sports games they wish to see, they
will use the media to hear the news or to get full direct coverage through live broadcasts. However, media coverage of
sports events is regulated by complex copyright rules and the exclusive right to broadcast top sports events live comes
at a cost. In 2014, the global sports rights market was worth nearly €19 billion. In the EU, broadcasters spent around
€5.8 billion on the acquisition of rights in 2009, which represented nearly 17 % of their total €34.5 billion programming
spend. But how exclusive can audiovisual rights be?
En bref EN
EYE event - Sport without corruption
Type de publication En bref
Date 16-05-2018
Auteur HALLEUX Vivienne
Domaine politique Espace de liberté, de sécurité et de justice | Éducation
Mot-clé corruption | dopage | manifestation sportive | organisation sportive | politique du sport de l’UE | sport professionnel
Résumé Played and watched by billions of people across the globe, sport embodies specific values, such as fair play and
respect for the rules. Corruption scandals such as those that have made headlines in recent years, be it in football or
athletics, seriously tarnish its image, shaking public trust.
En bref EN
Le sport
Type de publication Fiches thématiques sur l’UE
Date 01-09-2017
Auteur ISKRA Katarzyna Anna
Domaine politique Culture
Mot-clé manifestation sportive | organisation sportive | politique de la jeunesse | programme de l'UE | éducation physique
Résumé Le sport est un domaine de compétence relativement nouveau de l'Union européenne puisque celle-ci n'est
compétente en la matière que depuis l'entrée en vigueur du traité de Lisbonne en décembre 2009. L'Union est chargée
de définir une politique fondée sur des éléments probants, d'encourager la coopération et de gérer les initiatives qui
favorisent l'activité physique et le sport en Europe. Pour la période 2014-2020, pour la première fois, une ligne
budgétaire spécifique a été créée dans le cadre du programme Erasmus+ afin de soutenir les projets et les réseaux
dans le domaine du sport.
Fiches thématiques sur BG, ES, CS, DA, DE, ET, EL, EN, FR, HR, IT, LV, LT, HU, MT, NL, PT, SK, SL, FI, SV
l’UE
11-07-2022 Source : © Union européenne, 2022 - PE 2Audiovisual rights in sports events: An EU perspective
Type de publicationBriefing
Date 02-03-2017
Auteur KATSAROVA Ivana
Domaine politique Culture
Mot-clé distribution exclusive | droit d'auteur | droit de l'UE | manifestation sportive | organisation sportive | propriété des biens |
radiodiffusion | État membre UE | étude d'impact
Résumé Premium live sports content attracts large audiences, drives TV subscriptions upwards and generates advertising for
broadcasters, particularly in an increasingly diversified media landscape. With no foreseeable end to the rush for
premium sports rights over a handful of major sports events, the dramatic intensification of competition in the past 20
years has led to a steep increase in the pricing levels of audiovisual rights. In 2009, EU broadcasters spent around
€5.8 billion on the acquisition of rights, representing nearly 17 % of their total €34.5 billion programming spend.
Although sports events do not qualify as works of authorship, the audiovisual recordings of such events enjoy copyright
protection and entitle rights-holders of the first fixation of the event to the right of reproduction, distribution, rental and
communication to the public. In this context, the regulatory framework under which audiovisual sports rights
agreements are negotiated in the EU features two predominant models – the joint selling of rights, where rights are
sold by specially created associations on behalf of sports clubs, and exclusivity – a model referring to territorial
exclusivity over the exploitation of audiovisual rights. In spite of the prominence of the latter model, the Audiovisual
Media Services Directive contains two provisions that curb the restrictive allocation of rights, making it possible to
freely receive information about events of major importance for society and enabling the public to have access to short
extracts within general news programmes. The ongoing revision of the Audiovisual Media Services Directive does not
currently envisage any changes to these provisions.
Briefing EN
Schengen and EURO 2016
Type de publication En bref
Date 21-06-2016
Auteur GATTO Alexandra
Domaine politique Espace de liberté, de sécurité et de justice
Mot-clé accord de Schengen | contrôle à la frontière | France | frontière intérieure de l'UE | houliganisme | manifestation
sportive | terrorisme
Résumé With an estimated 7 million fans and 1 million foreign visitors, the UEFA European Football Championships, EURO
2016, promises to be one of the largest sports events taking place this year. In order to be better equipped against the
threats of terrorism and hooliganism, France has reintroduced controls at its borders under the Schengen Borders
Code (SBC). In the past, sporting events, G7 meetings, major international conferences and high profile state visits
have also triggered the introduction of border controls in several Schengen member countries, for limited periods of
time. However, strict conditions and procedures are applied to assess the necessity and the proportionality of the
measure and its likely impact on the free movement of people within the Schengen area.
En bref EN
The Role of Sport in Fostering Open and Inclusive Societies
Type de publication
Étude
Date15-09-2015
Auteur externeIan Henry (Centre of Olympic Studies & Research, Loughborough University)
Domaine politiqueCulture | Planification | Éducation
Mot-cléapprofondissement de l'Union européenne | identité européenne | intégration des migrants | intégration sociale | lutte
contre la discrimination | manifestation sportive | pluralisme culturel | rôle social | santé publique | sensibilisation du
public | sport professionnel
Résumé TThis briefing paper provides an overview of models of the roles sport can play in different intercultural and
multicultural policy approaches. It highlights in particular the relationship between intercultural and multicultural
approaches in the development of social capital among marginal groups in society. Central to the discussion is the
adoption of a realist approach to identifying causal mechanisms which bring about social change, and the place of
Intergroup Contact Theory in explaining the potential for the development of intercultural understanding through sport.
Étude EN
Anti-corruption measures in EU sports policy
Type de publicationEn bref
Date 12-06-2015
Auteur HALLEUX Vivienne
Domaine politique Culture | Espace de liberté, de sécurité et de justice | Éducation
Mot-clé compétence de l'UE | coopération institutionnelle | corruption | financement de l'UE | jeu de hasard | manifestation
sportive | organisation sportive | sport professionnel | traité sur le fonctionnement de l'UE | éthique des affaires
Résumé Corruption and good governance in sport have been a constant concern for the EU since the very beginning of its sport
policy. Preserving the integrity of sport has been given top priority in the two EU Work Plans for Sport adopted by the
Council in recent years.
En bref EN
11-07-2022 Source : © Union européenne, 2022 - PE 3Migrant workers' conditions in Qatar: Prospects of change on the road to the 2022 World Cup
Type de publicationBriefing
Date 25-11-2013
Auteur LATEK Marta
Domaine politique Affaires étrangères | Droits de l''homme
Mot-clé condition de travail | condition socio-économique | convention internationale | droit du travail | esclavage |
manifestation sportive | Organisation internationale du travail | politique d'investissement | politique extérieure | Qatar |
travailleur migrant
Résumé The decision of FIFA, world football's governing body, to hold the 2022 World Cup in Qatar, despite its climate
constraints and the lack of a domestic football tradition, was a major victory in Qatar's long-term strategy aimed at
enhancing the Emirate's international outreach, within a broader ambitious foreign policy. However the challenge of
hosting the World Cup could trigger major social change, endangering the Qatari political system which has remained
untouched by the Arab Spring. Indeed the absolute monarchy is sustained by a generous benefits system for the
minority – Qatari citizens – while the majority – 94% of the, mostly migrant, workforce – suffers harsh working and
living conditions.
Briefing EN
Football: Broadcasting and the "Big Four" leagues
Type de publication Briefing
Date 21-03-2012
Auteur RAGONNAUD Guillaume
Domaine politique Culture
Mot-clé manifestation sportive | radiodiffusion | sport professionnel | télévision payante | équipement sportif
Résumé Broadcasting rights have been the main driver behind the dramatic increase in the revenues of Europe's four biggest
football leagues (England, Germany, Spain and Italy). These rights represented the main revenue source (46%) of
these leagues in the 2009-10 season...
Briefing EN
The EU and sport
Type de publicationBriefing
Date 18-02-2010
Auteur RAGONNAUD Guillaume
Domaine politique Législation de l''Union: système et actes juridiques | Éducation
Mot-clé action de l'UE | aide de l'UE | dopage | manifestation sportive | organisation sportive | sport professionnel | éducation
physique
Résumé Sport is very popular among EU citizens, not only as an activity, but also as entertainment. However, the growing
commercialisation of sport has challenged its social, educational and cultural dimensions. Until 1st December 2009,
sport was not mentioned in the Treaties. The Community's involvement in sport has thus been based on existing
policies (e.g. audiovisual or health). Moreover, the case law of the Court of Justice (e.g. Bosman) has played a major
role in clarifying the impact on sport of the provisions on both the free movement of workers and on competition. The
Lisbon Treaty gives explicit powers to the EU to carry out actions to support, coordinate or supplement the actions of
the Member States in the field of sport.
Briefing EN
The European Union and Sport
Type de publicationBriefing
Date 15-06-2004
Auteur WINTHER Pernille
Domaine politique Éducation
Mot-clé dopage | houliganisme | libre circulation des personnes | manifestation sportive | politique de l'audiovisuel |
reconnaissance des diplômes | sport professionnel | éducation physique
Résumé More than one third of Europe's citizens participate in sporting activities and many aspects of the Union's policies
influence the sporting world in areas such as free movement of persons, competition policy, media policy and health
policy. However, it was only after 1997, with the inclusion of a Declaration on Sport in the Amsterdam Treaty that the
European Union started to deal with sport from angles which were not purely economic. The briefing deals with these
topics in detail.
Briefing EN
11-07-2022 Source : © Union européenne, 2022 - PE 4Vous pouvez aussi lire
