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KENYA
South Africa / Cuba
2010 Nairobi City©Brand Kenya Board
Agriculture: Myth vs Reality
BELGIUM I LUXEMBOURG I AFRICA I CARRIBEAN I PACIFIC
Chambre de Commerce, d’Industrie et d’Agriculture I Belgique, Luxembourg, Afrique, Caraïbes, Pacifique
Kamer van Koophandel, Nijverheid en Landbouw I België, Luxemburg, Afrika, Caraiben, Pacific
Chamber of Commerce, Industry and Agriculture I Belgium, Luxembourg, Africa, Carribean, Pacific
52e année I Trimestriel I Juillet, Août, Septembre 2017
Juillet I Août I Septembre 2017
summary
CHAMBRE DE
COMMERCE, D’INDUSTRIE
ET D’AGRICULTURE ASBL
KAMER VAN
KOOPHANDEL, NIJVERHEID
EN LANDBOUW VZW EDITORIAL 2
Guy Bultynck - Chairman, CBL-ACP
CHAMBER OF
COMMERCE, INDUSTRY KENYA, THE GATEWAY TO AFRICA 5
AND AGRICULTURE NPO H.E. Ambassador Weru
SECRETARIAT FOCUS | KENYA 5
Rue Montoyerstraat 24 B5
1000 Brussels Belgian Economic Mission to Kenya, November 2017 6
T +32 2 512 99 50
F +32 2 512 28 29 Kenya, the leading economy in Central and East Africa 8
cbl.acp@skynet.be
www.cblacp.eu Project opportunities for our belgian explorers 14
ADVISORS SOUTH AFRICA
Henri CHALON, Paul FRIX,
Josyane HOUART , Jacques NYSSEN, Cape Booms as South Africa rebounds from recession 16
Guy PHILIPS, Jorge SANTOS,
Solange PITROIPA CBL-ACP ECONOMC MISSION TO CUBA 2015 18
MANAGING DIRECTOR AGRICULTURE
Jacques EVRARD
Myth vs Reality: Which pathways for agriculture? 20
EXECUTIVE MANAGER
Corine COURBET Legal Division
Les traités de protection des investissements à l’étranger 26
MANAGER
Didier VERHELST Financial Division
Guidelines 28
EXECUTIVE ASSISTANT
Jennifer LEFEBURE Agenda / Events 30
RESPONSIBLE OF THE New Members 32
MAGAZINE
Michael STENGER
Avenue Huart-Hamoir 48
1030 Brussels
T +32 2 242 05 10
michael.stenger@idealogy.be
www.idealogy.be
Picture cover
Nairobi City©Brand Kenya Board
CHIEF EDITOR Responsible for the publication
Gauthier DEMARET Mr. Michael Stenger, Avenue Huart Hamoir, 48 B-1030 Bruxelles
SALES & ADVERTISEMENTS VIP MEMBERS
Nada NEBBOU
GRAPHIC DESIGN
Denis VAN MOORSEL,
Céline BACHO
www.brusselsairline.com www.deme-group.be www.tractebel-engie.com www.transautomobile.be
www.cblacp-press.be
© This content is protected by copyright and may not be reproduced without the formal authorisation of the editor.
2
Voici donc trois pays très différents démontrant la diversité que
l’on retrouve sous le label ‘ACP’. Pourtant, aussi différents qu’ils
soient, ces 79 pays ont en commun d’offrir aujourd’hui, avec une
classe moyenne grandissante, véritable moteur de croissance, le
plus vaste marché émergent du monde. Si les opportunités y sont
aujourd’hui bien réelles, elles doivent cependant s’appréhender
au regard des spécificités locales, intégrer les stades de déve-
loppements différents et assimiler l’économie soit informelle soit
EDITORIAL déstructurée qui s’y est développée au fil du temps. Sans compter
les éléments exogènes, tels que les crises humanitaires ou la baisse
des prix des matières premières qui ont sensiblement accentués
ces derniers temps les disparités régionales.
En parallèle, « l’accord de Cotonou », qui constitue l’ossature du
partenariat entre l’Union européenne et les pays ACP et qui était
vu comme novateur en 2000, a, au cours des dernières années,
vu son contexte modifié. Une nouvelle réalité prévaut aujourd’hui
qu’elle soit géopolitique, sécuritaire ou encore migratoire. Le
combat contre le terrorisme et le crime organisé retient d’abord
l’attention des responsables au détriment des aspects écono-
miques, sociaux et humains.
Devant tant de signaux parfois aussi contradictoires il est évident
qu’une certaine circonspection s’impose. Mais, s’il y a une vingtaine
d’années, investir dans les pays ACP passait pour de l’idéalisme,
les ignorer aujourd’hui apparaitrait comme une erreur. Même si
leur intégration économique voulue sur les marchés mondiaux
n’a pas donné les résultats positifs escomptés, ces pays offrent
aujourd’hui de nombreuses et réelles opportunités commerciales.
Pour les saisir il faut, sans enthousiasme excessif et en restant
conscient des risques, les envisager dans toutes leurs complexités
et leurs nuances et en ayant à l’esprit qu’un partenariat avec les
GUY BULTYNCK acteurs locaux constitue souvent les clés de la réussite (contenu
Chairman, CBL-ACP local, ressources humaines pertinentes, relations avec les pouvoirs
publics, conception des produits…).
Aujourd’hui plus que jamais notre Chambre, la CBL-ACP, avec
ACP, unité dans la diversité ses conseillers, ses représentants locaux et ses chefs de sections
bilatérales, reste pour ses membres le meilleur support pour partir
Le Kenya, l’Afrique du Sud et Cuba, trois pays mis en exergue à la conquête de ces économies émergentes soutenues par une
dans ce numéro ; trois pays du groupe des Etats d’Afrique, des diversification grandissante et un marché domestique important.
Caraïbes et du Pacifique qui en compte 79. Ces pays dits ACP
ont en commun l’ambition d’un développement durable et d’une
intégration progressive dans l´économie mondiale. ACP, unity in diversity
Comment situer ces trois pays dans ce vaste programme. Selon Kenya, South Africa and Cuba, three countries at the focal point
une étude publiée par Havas Horizons et l’Institut Choiseul, le of this issue; three countries also belonging to a group formed by
Kenya truste la première place dans le classement des pays les the countries of Africa, the Caribbean and the Pacific, numbering
plus attractifs pour les investisseurs prêts à y renforcer leurs 79 in totall. What unites these ACP countries is the common
investissements. Ce pays est l’exemple de la résurgence écono- ambition of sustainable development and a gradual integration
mique de l’Afrique de l’Est. Selon cette même étude l’Afrique du in the global economy.
Sud dispose d’un système boursier parmi les plus dynamiques
du continent africain. Les entreprises peuvent ainsi y trouver les Where should we place these three countries in this vast sche-
capitaux nécessaires à leur croissance tandis que l’Etat y trouve me? According to a study published by Havas Horizons and the
une source de financement pour compenser son déficit. À Cuba Choiseul Institute Kenya occupies a steadfast pole position in
le secteur privé poursuit son développement dans des domaines the ranking of countries most attractive for investors. It is the
aussi divers que le commerce, la mobilité, la construction ou example of the economic resurgence of Eastern Africa. According
encore l’industrie. Cette ‘nouvelle économie’ prend forme et est to the same study South Africa can rely on a stock market system
encourageante pour l’avenir de l’ile. that is one of the most dynamic in the whole of Africa. It allows
3
companies to easily find the capital they need to ensure growth, en het Choiseul Instituut bekleedt Kenia een zekere eerste plaats
while at the same time enabling the State to compensate its deficit. in het klassement van landen, die investeerders als zeer attractief
In Cuba the private sector continues its development in areas of vinden met het oog op expansie. Kenia is dan ook het voorbeeld
trade, mobility, construction and industry. This ‘new economy’ is bij uitstek van de economische heropleving in oostelijk Afrika.
gradually taking shape and holds encouraging promises for the Volgens dezelfde studie beschikt Zuid-Afrika over een beurssys-
future of the island. teem dat als een van de meest dynamische van het Afrikaanse
continent mag worden beschouwd. Ondernemingen vinden er
And so, three – very different – countries show proof of the va- vlot het kapitaal dat ze nodig hebben om te kunnen groeien,
riety the ACP label offers. Yet, different as they are, what these terwijl de overheid er anderzijds een financiële bron aan overhoudt
79 countries have in common is their offer of a huge emerging om ’s lands deficit in evenwicht te brengen. Ook Cuba tenslotte
global market fuelled by a growing middle class acting as driving ontwikkelt zich gestaag verder in domeinen als handel, mobiliteit,
force. Nonetheless, while the opportunities are plenty, attention bouw, en industrie. De ‘nieuwe economie’ krijgt er meer en meer
should be given to specific local customs, the different stages of vorm en oogt veelbelovend voor de toekomst van het eiland.
development should be considered, and the assimilation of the
economy that was established over the years – be it informal Drie zeer verschillende landen. Een bewijs van de diversiteit die on-
or disrupted – must be paramount. Not to be overlooked either der het etiket ‘ACP’ schuilgaat. Ongeacht hun verschillen bieden
are external phenomena such as humanitarian crises or the fall de 79 landen een gemeenschappelijk perspectief: een groeiende
in commodity prices, of late, both of whichare responsible for middenklasse die als grootst opkomende markt ter wereld de
noticeably accentuating regional disparities. motor kan zijn van ongekende groei. Maar ook al zijn de op-
portuniteiten binnen de ACP-landen onbetwistbaar, er zal
On a parallel level, the “Cotonou Agreement”, i.e. the backbone moeten rekening gehouden worden met lokale eigenheden,
of the partnership between the EU and the ACP countries, re- met de integratie van verschillende stadia van ontwikkeling,
garded as an “innovation” back in the year 2000, has witnessed a en de assimilatie van zowel informele als ongestructureerde
modified context in recent times. A new reality exists nowadays, economieën die er zich in de loop der tijd hebben genesteld.
be it geopolitical, security-related or migratory. The fight against Zonder dan nog gewag te maken van exogene omstandigheden
terrorism and organised crime is top of mind among authorities als de humanitaire crisis of de prijsdalingen van natuurlijke
to the detriment of economic, social and human aspects. grondstoffen, die recentelijk voor zichtbare verschillen hebben
gezorgd tussen de regio’s.
In view of these many, often conflicting signals a certain caution
can’t be thrown to the wind. But if twenty odd years ago investing Gelijklopend hiermee heeft het ‘Cotonou Akkoord’, de in 2000
in ACP countries was labelled as idealism, ignoring them today als vernieuwend bestempelde ruggengraat van het partnership
would be seen as a grave mistake. Even if their intended economic tussen de EU en de ACP-landen, in de laatste jaren de context,
integration into global markets hasn’t led to the expected positive waarbinnen het werkzaam is, zien veranderen. De nieuwe reali-
results, these countries today do offer numerous and realistic teit dicteert eerder invalshoeken van geopolitieke aard, dan wel
opportunities. In order to seize these one should view them in all gestoeld op veiligheid en/of migratie. De strijd tegen het ter-
their complexity and nuances without being overly enthusiastic rorisme en de georganiseerde misdaad krijgt vanwege de au-
whilst being mindful of the risks involved. And never forget that toriteiten meer aandacht dan economische, sociale en humane
a partnership with local players often holds the key to success aspecten.
(knowledge of the local context, relevant human resources,
relationship with the public sector, product development, …). Gelet op zovele soms tegenstrijdige signalen is een zekere voor-
zichtigheid geboden. Maar als twintig jaar geleden investeren
For the members our Chamber, the CBL-ACP, with its counsellors, in de ACP-landen werd gezien als idealisme, dan leidt er het
its local representatives and bilateral section chiefs, remains – now nu geen twijfel over dat landen negeren een zware vergissing
more than ever – the ultimate bridgehead to start the conquest zijn. Zelfs als hun economische integratie in de globale context
of emerging economies based on growing diversification and minder succesvol is gebleken dan voorzien, dan nog bieden ze
important domestic markets. talrijke en reële commerciële opportuniteiten. Om deze oppor-
tuniteiten te grijpen, moeten ze echter objectief en risicobewust
worden gewikt en gewogen op hun complexiteit en hun nuances.
ACP, eenheid in verscheidenheid Wat dan weer een partnership met lokale spelers voor de hand
liggend maakt, want zij vormen de sleutel tot succes met hun
Kenia, Zuid-Afrika en Cuba, drie landen in de schijnwerpers van kennis van het lokale kader, de human ressources ter plekke,
dit nummer; drie landen uit de groep van Afrikaanse staten, de hun relatie met de officiële diensten, productontwikkeling, enz.
Caraïben en de Pacific, een groep met 79 leden. Deze ‘ACP-landen’
hebben de gemeenschappelijke ambitie zich op duurzame wijze Vandaag, meer dan ooit, blijft onze Kamer met zijn raadgevers,
te ontwikkelen en zich progressief in te integreren in de wereld- zijn lokale vertegenwoordigers en zijn bilaterale sectiehoofden
economie. voor onze leden het aanspreekpunt bij uitstek, om zich op het
pad der verovering te wagen van die opkomende economieën,
Waar situeren deze drie landen zich nu in dit omvangrijke pro- die voortspruiten uit een groeiende diversificatie en uitdijende
gramma? Volgens een studie gepubliceerd door Havas Horizons thuismarkten.
4
Excellency, how do you look back at the very beginning of
your mission here in Brussels?
Let me first of all commend our good relations with the CBL-
ACP. It has been a long journey. Ahead of my arrival here I
KENYA IS THE
had a lunch in the garden of the Belgian Ambassador then
to Kenya, His Excellency. Bart Ouvry. The Ambassador took
me through what he thought were the key priorities for the
GATEWAY TO relations between Kenya and Belgium. I arrived here with
a number of names. One of the names given to me by H.E
Bart Ouvry happened to be Mr.Maurice Vermeesch. I was also
AFRICA introduced to Mr. Christian Verbrugghe who is an excellent
business man in Kenya and Africa. Through them I met the
organisation CBL-ACP which I quickly learned was a body
that brings together business men from Luxembourg and
Belgium in contact with ACP member States.
*Nederlandse versie op onze website www.cblacp-press.be
Version française sur notre site www.cblacp-press.be Looking back at my very beginning here, I came with an
open mind. I am from a technical position as the Director of
Economic Affairs and Foreign Trade at the Foreign Ministry
and I would say Belgium/Brussels was not really a new place
for me, I used to come here for very many meetings. I had a
rough idea and above that, my predecessors in the depart-
ment happened also to have been appointed as Ambassadors
to Brussels. So I had a fair background of what there was
and given that Brussels over time in the last seven to eight
years has become an leading diplomatic capital. In the last
count, I believe the second largest diplomatic presence after
Washington is Brussels. I came here with a good intention of
taking advantage of the diplomatic community to see how we
can deepen relations between Kenya and the member States
of the European Union at all levels; political, economic and
MESSAGE FROM H.E. MR JOHNSON WERU international. We have made quite a good account of that.
AMBASSADOR OF KENYA So, roughly that is what I can say.
What are some of the milestones that you can look back
Head of Mission at the Kenyan Embassy in Brussels H.E. on today in the Belgium-Kenya bilateral relations?
Ambassador Johnson Weru is accredited to the King-
dom of Belgium, the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg and In 2015, Kenya hosted an international investment conference.
the European Union. His mandate includes furthering This conference coincided with the visit to Kenya of a trade
Kenya’s national interests, in partnership with other delegation, that time at the initiative of the Flanders Investment
member states of the African, Caribbean and Pacific and Trade Agency but coordinated by ACP-CBL. I advanced for
(ACP) Group of States. Amb. Weru is a career diplomat the delegation to attend the conference as part of international
and public servant, with over twenty years experience delegates.
working in government and in international develop-
ment agencies in Africa and Europe. Out of that, we are now organising the next trade mission in
November and December to Kenya. Nearly at the same time
Prior to his appointment, Amb. Weru had a distingui- like previsouly but in other countries at the same time, Tanzania,
shed and long service at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Rwanda, Uganda and Ethiopia. But the most important thing is
Nairobi, where he served as Director for Economic Af- that we have talked to the business companies in Belgium and
fairs and External Trade. His main responsibilities in- in Luxembourg ahead of their departure. The complete briefing
cluded coordinating and setting policy direction for took place on the 12th of september, talking about what they
bilateral and multilateral trade, and economic relations are looking, what they will be looking for and be perceived and
between Kenya and the rest of the world, including the introduce my country to them. We are looking for business
ACP. He has wide experience in international finance, opportunities, we are looking for investors, we are looking for
international trade negotiations, and public sector trade, they are looking for trade. These are basically convidiences
management and restructuring. of business ideas and objectives.
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KENYA
The main milestone of my term was the visit of President Kenyatta a touch of any senior investment. Kenya is also well advanced
in June 2016. It was fantastic because President Kenyatta was in telecommunication, infrastructure and mobile money inno-
hosted for a diner by CBL-ACP and it was so well organised and vations. There is a lot of hype in the international media about
attended. When the President got into the room, his first reaction Africa but very few people understand what Africa stands for.
was that he was shocked at the huge number of business men So within Kenya, landing there, you are going to prepare yourself
and business executives who had shown up. But alongside the to have a reach of probably 800 million people in Sub-saharan
President’s visit, I had undertaken an advocacy among Kenyan africa and these are people that are willing and ready to do
businessmen. So in total, we had a ratio of nearly six belgian business, to be part of a huge market. What we are saying is
businessmen to one kenyan. Almost about 150 businessmen that we are slowly looking at a business environement that will
from Belgium and the EU. Also, we had very many opportunities allow an economy to benefit and not just be a global warehouse.
for high level engagement. We are starting from assembling to complete manufacturing.
And we have put that in the context of the trade agreement
Could you sketch us the landscape of the trade relations that we have negotiated with the European Union called the
today between Kenya and Belgium? Economic and Partnership Agreement (EPA) where we have
indicated very clearly that despite the provisional free market
Looking at our trade relations, looking at the different levels of access to the EU we are going to protect our industries that
trade with Belgium we have seen remarkable improvements. the necessary provisions are there and the agreement is going
In 2014 for example, our exports to Belgium increased from 6.1 to do exactly that.
million kenyan shilling to 6,7 million kenyan shillings. The imports
from Belgium have increased from 10.05 to 19.15 percent. We Excellency, as an Ambassador do you have any idea about
are looking at a percentage win in trade, despite the fact that what will be your legacy?
there is a deficit of trade between Kenya and Belgium, there
is a more than significant percentage of exports and you can The last President from Kenya to visit the Kingdom of Belgium
attribute this to the macro-economic environment we were was in the 90s . H.E President Daniel Arap Moi, who presided
able to create in Kenya. Kenya from 1978 to 2002, had come and the fact that H.E
President Uhuru Kenyatta has been here twicei.e April 2014 and
I also want to mention the tremendous work we are doing with June 2016 is a big honor for me as Ambassador. And everytime
the European Investment Bank(EIB), which is he has visited Brussels, be it over a working visit,
the financing arm of the European Commis- « I came with an open mind or on official duty, he has had an opportunity
sion. We are currently the largest customer in and made many friends » to talk to the kenyan diaspora, to talk to the
terms of portfolio for projects in the ACP. In the investors, to speak to the world from here. It is
framework of our project we are now producing 50 megawatts a big big legacy for me. But moving from there I have also been
of clean energy. We are very proud of that. Many other projects fortunate to have been the Ambassador who finally concluded
exist within the framework of our priorities which are energy, the negotiations on the Economic Partnership Agreement (EPA)
agriculture, construction, good governance, we have been able between the EAC member States and the European Union.
to utilise our European Development Fund(EDF). Also blended It was a complex trade agreement that brought a lot of interests
products that are available from the market especially the mix on the table and we nearly stretched our diplomatic skills but
of loans and grants. And we have had two, actually three high nonetheless the agreement was eventually ratified by the
level visits from the Vice-President of the EIB in Nairobi. Parliament and deposited with the EU Council on 28th
September 2016. And that gave a lot of hope for the next thirty
Excellency, could you give any tips and advice for Belgian years for our trade with the European Union. I have told our
entrepreneurs interested in Kenya? people back in Kenya that this is the best gift they can get out
of Kenya’s foreign diplomacy. Trade that is duty free.
Kenya is the getway to Africa, no doubt about it. If you want to
get into Africa, there is no other gate. Whether you are coming I want to mention Yvan Korsak, he is a great trade officer for
from Asia, from Europe or from the Americas… the gateway Belgium. I would say that, this gentleman should be honoured
is Kenya. Nearly all the global airlines are in our International by his Governement. He is doing a lot of work and he has used
airport and land in Nairobi. his time in Kenya wisely. Everytime I go to Nairobi, it coincides
with the King’s Party. I have seen the way he has managed
We feel that anybody who wants to do business with Africa the receptions, business guests are in larger number than the
should set up an office in the house where he has a reach political guests I have over time kept a list of all those importants
to all that target audience. But we have a strong domestic contacts. Through him I was able to meet many many Belgians
demand, don’t forget. We are the largest economy in East Africa. working in my country. These numbers are increasing. Many
We have all the banks you are looking for in the world, from Belgians are returning to Kenya due to the climate but also for
Citibank to BNP Paribas who have commercial presence in business and they have formed a great community and Mr.Korsak
Nairobi. We have the second largest stock exchange in Africa, is great asset to the Ambassador. Everytime he is in Brussels
with a capitalisation of nearly 60 Billion dollars. I feel we have he always comes here… the sky is the limit.
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KENYA
BELGIAN
ECONOMIC MISSION
TO KENYA
NOVEMBER 2017*
YVAN KORSAC
Trade Commissioner in Kenya Brussels Invest & Export
*Mission also to Uganda
The Belgian Trade Agencies – BIE, FIT, AWEX and the CBL- in order to improve the infrastructure such as road networks
ACP will conduct a business mission to Uganda & Kenya on and provide new homes for the locals (supported by the banks
the 25th of November 2017. The mission will have a triple to get loans to buy apartments/cars). The Kenyan construc-
focus: AgroFood - Construction – Energy tion industry accounts 7% of the GDP. With an increase in
population, there are opportunities in the construction of
1-Agri-Business in Kenya residential, commercial and industrial buildings, including pre-
fabricated low-cost housing. There are extensive opportunities
Agriculture and its allied services are at the centre of the wealth in the area of upgrading informal settlements, urban renewal,
of Kenya. The country is famous for its large cultivation of tea, construction of middle and low income housing, and the ma-
coffee, grains, and fruits such as mangoes, pineapples, passion nufacture and supply of building materials and components.
fruit, oranges, water melon, pawpaw, avocado, and banana. The
dairy industry is also evolving with a large herd of exotic dairy Opportunities:
cows which provide fresh milk for processing into branded pas- -Construction material and equipment
teurised milk and other dairy products. 16% of the land is of high- -Residential housing: objective of building 150,000
to-medium potential, while the rest is arid and semi-arid land with housing units per year
low agricultural potential: only useful for nomadic pastoralism, -Lapsset: Kenya’s largest infrastructure project valued at
commercial ranching and irrigated agriculture. About 5 million US $ 39Bn with a cross-sector abundance of opportunities
people live in the low potential areas, while the remainder depend for the construction of rail, road, airport, housing and
on the high to medium areas. Although 80% of the population utilities infrastructure
depend on agriculture, small-scale farms of 0.5–10 ha dominate
the high to medium areas, with about 81% of small-scale far- 3-Energy sector in Kenya
mers holding less than 2 ha. Given a population growth rate of
3.2%, the pressure on land to sustain food production and cash Electricity in Kenya is generated by geothermal (47%
crop farming is increasing. The Agribusiness contributes at the of consumption), hydropower (39%), thermal (13%)
level of 3,2 % to the GDP and 8,5 % in the exports. and wind (0.4%). Kenya’s current power capacity is
- Products most imported: wheat (1,2Mt), rice (459 000 t), estimated at 2.4GW, 1.5GW of which is grid-connected
oil (622 000 t) and sugar (229000t). and 500MW of which has come online since mid-2014.
- Products most exported: tea, horticultural products, coffee, fish Since hydropower accounts for a large percentage of this
capacity and is reliant on unpredictable weather conditions,
2-Construction sector in Kenya the frequency of power outages is high at 33%. The cost of
energy in Kenya is also high at US$0.150 per kWh, almost
Kenya’s construction industry is going through a boom. The four times the cost of energy in South Africa (US$0.040).
government has invested heavily in the construction sector
7
KENYA
There are approximately ten IPPs in operation4 and they - Coal: The energy mix in Kenya may change with the exploitation
account for about 24% of the country’s installed capacity, up of a 400-million-tonne coal mine discovered in the Mui Basin,
from 11% in 2008. One of the key components of the Kenyan which is expected to power the operations of two new 960MW
government’s energy strategy is a strong emphasis on the power plants by 2017. The US $34bn mining concession was
participation of private investors in the development of the given to Fenxi Mining Group in 2012, and a Chinese consortium
electricity sector, so the current trend is likely to continue, at was given mining rights to the coal mine in 2015.
least in the medium term. However, there are concerns about
the low efficiency of power production by IPPs. Challenges:
Although hydropower accounts for a large proportion of Demand is rising faster than the ability to install additional generation
energy production in Kenya, its unreliability has pushed plants. Over-dependence on hydro-power, which exposes the country
the government to favour wind, thermal and geothermal to power rationing due to extreme weather conditions which result
generation: in drought, a shortage of transformers and overstressed distribution
network; dependence on donor funding for various projects; inadequate
- Geothermal: Kenya accounts for 7 of the 15 gigawatts of transmission and distribution network; emergence of food safety issues
potential geothermal energy in Africa. In fact, it is the world’s when developing the bio-diesel industry, to name just a few.
8th largest producer of geothermal energy. Additionally,
high subsurface temperatures make it cheaper to produce The Trade Commission’s mission is to support Belgian-based companies
geothermal energy here. willing to do business in East Africa and East African companies seeking
to source goods and services from Belgium. Ivan Korsak works for
- Wind: Kenya is home to Africa’s largest wind power project the three Regions of Belgium in the five countries of the East African
(the 310MW Lake Turkana Wind Farm) as well as a further Community. Every month he complies a short newsletter on projects
900MW in development or online. in the region.
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KENYA
KENYA
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KENYA
Kenya is the leading economy in East and Central Afri- Kenya’s standing in the global community of nations has risen
ca with strong growth prospects supported by an emer- over the years. The high profile has been achieved as a result
ging urban middle class and an increasing appetite for of an aggressive foreign policy and diplomatic campaign
high-value goods and services. Its strategic location and spearheaded by the government. This is evidenced by the
its well-developed business infrastructure make it a natu- major international conferences Kenya has hosted in the last
ral choice for investors and many international firms have two years namely the WTO 10th Ministerial Conference(MC
made it their regional hub. This grants investors access 10) the 14th session of the United Nations Conference on
to the larger East African community and regional mar- Trade and Development (UNCTAD 14) and the sixth Tokyo
kets with access to over 385 million consumers. Nairobi is International Conference on Africa’s Development (TICAD
also a major transport hub in East Africa with Connections VI). At the same time, the country has hosted various global
from Jomo Kenyatta International Airport to major desti- leaders such as the former president of USA, Baraka Obama,
nations around the world. Additonally, they are all located and the Pope among others. Kenya has not hesitated to take
in a convenient time zone: GMT +3 its pride of place in the global arena. Notable achievements
in this regard include the participation of Kenya in the recent
In the last five years, the Port of Mombasa has achieved significant G7 and the United Nations General Assembly.
traffic growth, with total cargo throughput increasing at an annual
average of 7.6 per cent from 19.95 million tonnes in 2011 to 26.73 Energy
million tonnes in 2015 while container traffic grew by 8.7 per cent
from 770,804 TEUs to 1,076,118 TEUs over the five-year period. In Kenya, energy is identified as one of the infrastructural
enablers of the three pillars of Vision 2030, with an expected
Jomo Kenyatta International Airport is Kenya’s largest aviation surge in energy use within the commercial sector on the road
centre, and the busiest airport in East Africa. Its importance as an to 2030. As a result, the government has identified the need
aviation center makes it the pace setter for other airports in the for generation of additional energy and efficiency in energy
region as Africa’s premier hub and ideal gateway into and out of consumption as priorities in Vision 2030. In order to promote
East and Central Africa. The airport serves over 40 passenger air- renewable energy projects such as a wind and solar energy
lines and 25 cargo airlines and over 7 million passengers per year. development programme on a commercial scale, the Govern-
ment of Kenya (GoK) has also introduced a Feed-In Tariff (FIT)
Kenya affords a pleasant and quality standard of living with its policy to attract private investments. The policy provides a
spectacular and diverse natural resources, ranging from wildlife to fixed tariff for electricity generated in grid-connected mode.
sceneries, including the world famous Maasai Mara. The country
also boasts high quality social amenities such as restaurants, The main sources of energy are wood fuel, petroleum and elec-
hospitals and Entertainment spots. which is why the country has tricity accounting for 69%, 22%, and 9%, respectively of total
the highest number of expatriates living and working in Kenya. energy use. More specifically, 67.5% of electricity is generated
using renewable energy sources, which are predominantly
Kenya is signatory to a number of multilateral and bilateral trade hydro with 47.8% and geothermal with 12.4% respectively,
agreements as part of its trade policy. Kenya is a member of the while 32.5% is from fossil fuels. The total electricity generated
World Trade Organization (WTO) ), which means its products are is shared by less than 20% of the country’s population , and
available in more than 90% of world markets thanks to its Most more than 80 percent of the population remain without access
Favoured Nation (MFN) treatment. In addition, Kenya is a member to the electricity.
of several trade arrangements and beneficiary of trade-enhan-
cing schemes which include the Africa Growth and Opportunity Developments in the Kenya Energy Sector
Act (AGOA); duty free quota free market to the EU through the
Economic Partnership Agreement (EPA) and Common Market of In 2012, the Government announced the discovery of oil in
Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA) as well as the Tripartite Turkana County. This followed extensive exploratory efforts
Initiative between the East African Community (EAC), COMESA in areas such as Lamu and Isiolo. Efforts to establish the com-
and Southern Africa Development Community (SADC). mercial viability of the oil find are underway, with an expected
timeline exceeding three years before the country can become
Kenya has a very substantial private sector, including a significant an oil producer. The discovery has been described as a major
number of foreign investors and is touted as one of the most breakthrough while will contribute significantly to meeting
resilient in the world. The country has always been a market eco- the country’s energy needs.
nomy. Key players in voicing private-sector concerns include the
Kenya Private Sector Alliance (KEPSA), the Federation of Kenya The confirmation of commercially viable deposits of coal in the
Employers (FKE) and the Kenya Association of Manufacturers Mui Basin, in Mwingi East, Mwingi Central and Mutitu Districts
(KAM). Furthermore, the government frequently engages in a means that Kenya is set to join the coal mining nations of the
policy dialogue with private sector players at the highest levels. world. This discovery of coal is expected to go a long way in
filling the energy deficit in the country.
Landscape©Brand Kenya Board10
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Kenya is endowed with vast geothermal potential and is recognised Tourism Sector
as one of the leading generators of geothermal power in Africa;
it is estimated that the country has 7,000 MW – 10,000 MW of Kenya has a diverse range of attractions to offer its visitors. There
geothermal potential and it is currently Africa’s largest geothermal is only a few countries around the world where one can relax on
producer with 210 MW of capacity. The discovery of commercially pristine sandy beaches and be able to see wildlife in all forms within
exploitable geothermal steam in Menengai contributed to the a short distance. Kenya has 60 national parks and Reserves all with
country’s energy portfolio that will drive Kenya toward the achieve- abundant wildlife. The spectacular wildebeest migration which
ment of Vision 2030. The Kenyan Government has recently initiated occurs every year in Kenya’s most visited Maasai Mara National
the Scaling-up Renewable Energy Program (SREP) investment plan Reserve is referred to as the 7th new wonder of the world.
in line with the national renewable energy development strategy
The diversity of Kenya’s tourism also includes, ecotourism, sports
Investment Opportunities and water-based tourism, conference tourism and home-stay
tourism. In the northern part of the country, we have the cradle
Generation of energy using renewable sources such as wind, of mankind from which we all originated, making Kenya a leader
geothermal and solar sources - Feed in Tariff (FIT) is a policy in heritage tourism. Kenya is therefore the ultimate destination
strategy which aims to increase investment in renewable energy offering an unparalleled variety of travel and holiday experiences.
technologies. The country plans to increase its electricity-installed As our visitors tell us, it is indeed a magical destination.
capacity by 5,538 MW by 2017, develop its diesel plants and hy-
dropower, as well as the drilling and steam field development of Tourism is one of Kenya’s leading foreign exchange earner and
well for geothermal energy. On another note, the construction of the third largest contributor to GDP after agriculture and manu-
pipeline and storage facilities for petroleum products also repre- facturing. The sector has been growing fast as a result of various
sents an excellent investment opportunity, especially given that factors such as liberalisation, privatisation of tourist markets and
the exploration of petroleum deposits in other potential regions continued Government support and commitment to providing an
of the country present many possibilities. enabling environment, coupled with successful tourism promotion
and political stability.
Landscape©Brand Kenya Board11
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Investors can take advantage of Kenya’s endowment of unique to Juba (South Sudan), Isiolo to Addis Ababa (Ethiopia), and
combination of tourist attractions such as beautiful coastal Lamu to Garsen (Kenya), Crude Oil Pipeline from Lamu to Isiolo,
beaches, coral reefs, caves and river deltas, abundant wildlife, Isiolo to Juba; Product Oil Pipeline from Lamu to Isiolo, Isiolo to
including the ‘big five’ in their natural habitats, national parks and Addis Ababa; Interregional Standard Gauge Railway lines from
game reserves, good climate, beautiful geographical landscapes,
savannah grasslands, forests, salt and fresh water lakes. Others
include hot springs, mountains, botany and zoology, world heri-
tage sites, and rich cultural history.
Out of the 26 parks and game reserves in Kenya, only 7 parks,
including Masaai Mara, Nakuru and Amboseli are fully operational,
accounting for more than 80% of the total number of visitors. This
presents an opportunity to develop and add value to the other
parks with modern facilities and infrastructure.
Kenya has recorded steady growth in the Meetings and Conference
tourism. In 2016 alone, it accounted for 13% of total international
tourism arrivals; mostly consisting mostly of business travelers. In
2015, the sector welcomed 117,630 tourists, recording a remarkable
14% increase on 2014 and marking a total contribution of 15.6%,
of the total number of international arrivals for the year.
In the past few years leading, global hotel brands have set up in
Landscape©Brand Kenya Board
Nairobi. In total, about 15 high end hotels have opened since 2013
(Radisson Blu, Starwood’s Four Point, Hilton Garden Inn and Best Lamu to Isiolo, Isiolo to Juba, Isiolo to Addis Ababa, and Nairobi
Western among others), with about half of these opening in 2016. to Isiolo; 3 International Airports: one each at Lamu, Isiolo, and
Of the hotels that have set up since 2013, most are in Nairobi and Lake Turkana; 3 Resort Cities: one each at Lamu, Isiolo and Lake
have added 1,700 new rooms in to the market. In 2013, the country Turkana; and The multipurpose High Grand Falls Dam along the
had a hotel room capacity of about 1,500. Another 17 hotels have Tana River. The government is actively seeking investment from
confirmed plans to set up in Nairobi between 2017 and 2020, and firms/consortia interested in the development of various com-
would add another 2,000 rooms in the market. Thus by 2020, the ponents of the LAPSSET Corridor Program.
country expects to have an additional 3,700 rooms.
Investments in these projects can either be through direct invest-
Investors can also take advantage of several strategies and pro- ments or through public private partnerships.
grammes that have been earmarked by the government to attract
investments in the industry such as the creation of three resort ICT Sector
cities, the branding of premium parks, the development of high
value niche products, the development of a replica of Kenya The size of the Kenyan ICT market is estimated at US$ 500 million
Utalii college at the coast, and construction of new high- end and it is noteworthy that companies such as Spanco, followed
international chain hotel properties among others things. Airtel into Kenya to continue servicing them. These companies
are expected to expand in the region, given Kenya’s relative level
Infrastructure of sophistication compared to neighbouring markets, and in
order to service clients’ expansion plans in the EAC and beyond.
Kenya envisages a massive upgrading and extension of the
country’s infrastructure. In this regard, the country has highlighted ICT advancement is seen in various areas such as health, agri-
a number of infrastructure projects that present significant op- culture and education.We are home a large number of highly
portunities for investors in the coming years. It is important to educated and innovative talent. We are known for innovation as
note that while the Government has put forward plans on how demonstrated by the all very-well known MPesa Software for some
it would like to develop infrastructure, it is equally open to ideas of the best banks in the world. Through these advancements Kenya
and proposals from potential investors. has received many awards. For example, in June 2017 Kytabu
a cloud-based education software company, was awarded the
The LAPSSET Corridor Program is Eastern Africa’s largest and 2016-17 King Baudouin Foundation African Development Prize
most ambitious infrastructure project bringing together Kenya, for developing an innovative textbook content leasing app for
Ethiopia and South Sudan. This mega project consists of seven students, making school-reading textbooks accessible to many
key infrastructure projects starting with a new 32 Berth port at students in the country.
Lamu (Kenya); Interregional Highways from Lamu to Isiolo, Isiolo12
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We have a stable pro-investment government – the new Consti- manufacturing sector jobs to approximately seven hundred
tution which came into force on 1st Aug 2010 has cemented the thousand and add 2 to 3 billion dollars to the country’s GDP.
stability and guaranteed investors and citizens alike rights that
promote economic and social growth. To realise these opportunities, we need to overcome six challen-
ges: infrastructure and land availability, skills and capabilities
We have instituted business-friendly regulatory reforms. We are in priority sectors, quality of inputs, cost of operation, access
repealing and continue to repeal laws and regulations that impede to markets and investor-friendly policies.
investment. We have also enacted the Investment Promotion
Blue Economy
Act (2004) that has set up Kenya Investment Authority to assist
investors and business men in obtaining licenses necessary for The government of Kenya is putting in place appropriate policy
investment and to provide further assistance and incentives. and legal framework to support the fisheries and The Blue
Economy sector by revising the National Oceans and Fisheries
We are at a strategic location as a regional financial, communi- and National Aquaculture policies to maximize on the benefits
cations and transport hub - Our strategic location and well-de- from these resources.
veloped business infrastructure makes us a natural choice of
location as a base for your regional offices and operations. The coastal and inland waters of Kenya are endowed with vast
amounts of marine resources with the potential of producing
All the above factors, coupled with the friendly business envi- up to 300,000 metric tonnes of fish. The fisheries sector will
ronment and an innovative culture, have made Kenya a premier be one of the key pillars of economic growth in Kenya with
outsourcing destination and facilitated the al market and 3) huge potential for major investment opportunities.
taking advantage of global market niches.
The government of Kenya is putting in place measures to achieve
Over the past ten years, Kenya’s manufacturing base has re- this objective by increasing the landing of fish caught in Kenya’s
mained static at 11% of the country’s GDP, and its industrial Exclusive Economic Zone to raise its processing capacity
exports have decreased in absolute terms. Increasing this from the current 2,500 metric tonnes to 18,650 metric tonnes
base is critical to job creation and economic growth as well as within the next 18 months.With this objective in mind the
domestic and foreign investment. We have identified opportu- Government of Kenya is preparing to negotiate a sustainable
nities that will more than double the amount of current formal fisheries partnership agreement with the European Union.
Landscape©Brand Kenya Board13
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2015 Nairobi City©Brand Kenya Board
Sports and Culture For more information
Kenya is a great sporting nation, probably best known its Embassy of Kenya
award-winning athletes who scoop several awards at every Olym-
pics and other international meetings worldwide. However, despite Avenue Winston Churchilllaan 208
athletics being almost synonymous with Kenyan sports, there is a 1180 Brussels
lot more on offer to the sport enthusiast. The international exploits Tel: +32 2 340 10 40
of the Kenyan rugby and cricket teams have placed Kenya higher Fax: +32 2 340 10 50
as global leader in sports. www.kenyabrussels.com
Most world sports – golf, football, rugby and cricket, to name a
few - have taken root in Kenya and are fast growing in their po-
pularity and participation. As such, Kenya is now a sports safari
destination where one can enjoy:• golfing on some of the world’s
most beautiful courses;
-- diving in the lovely tropical waters at the coast;
-- rugby action at the Safari Sevens Rugby tournament; Kenya is definitely the gateway to
-- high-altitude training camps;
-- and much, much more! Africa… it’s only waiting for you
to open the many doors it offers.14
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Service sector
The contribution of the service sector amounts to 41% comprises
out of industries including :
PROJECT • the electricity and water supply
OPPORTUNITIES
• wholesale
• retail trade
FOR OUR BELGIAN • tourism & real estate
EXPORTERS
• financial intermediation
• public administration
• education & health
The second largest sector contributor is agriculture (32%)
with agriculture, forestry, fishery, tea, coffee and horticultural
industries.The third contributor is the manufacturing, mining
and construction sector. Kenya’s ICT sector, also referred to
as the ‘Silicon Savanna’ wins importance.
To achieve Kenya’s growth plan, the current and planned pro-
jects are focussing on infrastructure, energy and transport.
Kenya’s city tram project is implemented in the larger metro-
politan area of the capital Nairobi that has a population of over
3 million people.The passenger train is expected to transport
300.000 people on a daily bases in the initial phase. Projects
CHRISTIAN VERBRUGGHE estimated budget is 145 million USD. The Konza Technology
Board Member and head of section Kenya-Tanzania City project has been identified as one of the key drivers of the
achievement of Vision 2030. The 9.2 billion USD technology
The World Bank recently declared Kenya to be a middle-in- park will be built on a 64 square-mile stretch covering about
come country and it aims to be an industrialised country 5000 acres of land in Machakos county, South of Nairobi. The
by 2030, for which the government developed the well- LAPSSET corridor project ( 22,8 billion USD ) is hoped to trigger
known ‘Kenya Vision 2030’. economic activities and more than double Kenya’s GDP. Com-
ponents include the Lamu Port, Lamu Ethiopia-South-Sudan
Our goal is not to explain the plan in detail, for which we Sudan superhighway, Lamu-Juba-Addis Ababa railway line, an
refer to the official site www.vision2030.go.ke , but to oil refinery and a 2240 km oil pipeline connecting oil fields in
highlight some of the potentials and how to well prepare South Sudan to the refinery at Lamu Port. The construction
yourself with some facts and findings. of the Mombasa-Malaba standard Gauge Railway will involve
construction of a 500 km railway line from Mombasa to Nairobi
Kenya continues to be one of the fastest growing coun- at an estimated cost of 3.8 billion USD.Several opportunities
tries in the world (average 6% GDP growth), with the ser- for our Belgium business entrepreneurs in a number of vibrant
vices sector as the largest contributor, and inflation fairly sectors:
well under control. ( +/- 6% )
Healthcare
Kenya’s central position in East Africa makes it a strong
strategic partner when it comes to do business with a 250 • Supply of health information systems that generate,
million EAC community. validate and analyse health information needed to
centralize health records
With a re-elected President Uhuru Kenyatta, Kenya’s eco-
nomic long-term strategy has been re-confirmed and • Provision of medical equipment and diagnostics
gained in power. equipment to support the health sector
This must be re-assuring all business & investment people • Drug manufacture of vital health products like vaccines
to continue their initial plans. and vital medicines15
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Energy Environment and minerals
• Generation of geothermal energy • Waste management systems to manage large amount
of waste in cities
• Small hydropower development
• Mining technologies, mineral exploration
• Oil and coal exploration
Infrastructure
• Transformer supply
• Construction of terminals, runways, hangars, etc. and
• Rural electrification projects supply of good and services as part of the expansion
and upgrade of the international and regional airports
• Wind and solar energy generation
• The construction of a port, rail, roads, airport, housing
ICT and utilities infrastructure for LAPSSET
• Software development • Consultancy and service providers for MRT
• Construction of the Konza ICT park • Supply of busses and maintenance of fleet, stations,
terminals
• E-business, E-Education and data services
Sources : Kenya Country Profile, Kenya Vision 2030, www.mygov.go.ke, www.krc.go.ke
• IT security
• Communication equipment in the security sector
African landscape, lake Nakuru, Kenya © Shutterstock16
CAPE BOOMS AS
SOUTH AFRICA
REBOUNDS FROM
RECESSION
JAMES MILNE
Head of Investment promotion Cape Town &
Western Cape Tourism Trade & Investment.
The latest data released by Statistics South Africa reveal that South reliance on the contribution of mineral resources to GDP. As a
Africa has recovered from a technical recession, as the national result, the province has a diversified economy that is strongly
economy grew by 2.5% in the second quarter of 2017, following aligned to that of developed countries, with more than 70% of
two quarters of decline. The news is positive in an economy that the provincial GDP being contributed by the services sector.
has faced turbulent conditions over the past decade, and may
be a sign of a new growth trajectory for the African economic The construction sector is booming, with building plans submitted
powerhouse. increasing by 27.3% between 2016 and 2017, a nearly €60 million
increase in value. The province’s property market is now the best
During the week in which the announcement was made, the Cape performing in the country.
Investor Centre was officially declared open by South Africa’s
President Jacob Zuma. The Centre is a multi-faceted collabora- The Cape is also leading the way in new technology. More than
tion between National, Provincial and Local government. At its 60% of South Africa’s tech start-ups are located in the West-
core, the objective of the Centre is to alleviate ‘red tape’ issues ern Cape. Cape Town’s IT and software industry includes 200
faced by potential investors, through clustering key governmental companies employing 7,500 people. The Silicon Cape industry
departments under one roof. body alone has 9 000 members. Global tech businesses are in-
creasingly seeing the Cape as an ideal location for testing their
The Cape Investor Centre is run by the Western Cape’s official service offering in a market that allows easy access to the rest of
tourism, trade and investment promotion agency, Wesgro. It is the African continent – leveraging local ‘know-how’ to succeed in
anticipated that the Centre will provide a further strategic boost countries that businesses based in developed countries struggle
to the inbound support provided to foreign investors seeking to to penetrate.
expand their businesses into South Africa, and the rest of the
African continent. From a Western Cape perspective, the Investor The Western Cape is also at the heart of the booming renewable
Centre provides additional weight to the investor support services energy sector. GreenCape (a non-profit governmental special
offered by Wesgro, and is likely to be a further catalyst of growth in purpose vehicle) has recorded 293 green economy projects in
a provincial economy that already punches well above its weight. the Cape, up from 40 in 2010. This has seen over 10,000 local
jobs being created in the renewable sector alone.
The province’s economic growth over the last five years now
matches that of Gauteng, South Africa’s long-time econom- High levels of investment continue to be recorded. Over the last
ic powerhouse, and remains above the national average. The five years, Wesgro has supported more than €500 million worth
Western Cape as a result maintains the lowest unemployment of investment in the province, facilitating almost 6,000 jobs. An
rate in the country, with the smallest number of discouraged investment commitment of more than €80 million by Czech Re-
work-seekers, by far. public nonwovens manufacturer Pegas Nonwovens in 2017 is the
single biggest recent investment facilitated by the agency, and
The provincial economy of the Western Cape differs from South will lead to the creation of more than 500 direct jobs in Atlantis,
Africa as a whole as the Western Cape has an extremely low a development node close to Cape Town.17
This is helped by a city administration dedicated to investment, With clear economic priorities, set out by the province’s for-
as reflected in the City of Cape Town’s ranking as the one of the ward-looking Minister of Economic Opportunities, Alan Winde,
top cities for Foreign Direct Investment strategy – the only city and with a world-class City doing all it can to make itself attractive
in Africa to make this list. for investment, under the stewardship of hard-working Exec-
utive Mayor, Patricia De Lille, the Cape is creating an enabling
The collaborative Cape Town Air Access project – a model public environment for growth, and job creation, thereby boosting the
private partnership driven by Wesgro and bringing together confidence of investors who drive growth.
the City of Cape Town, the Western Cape Government, Airports
Company South Africa, Cape Town Tourism, and South African Over the past decade, Cape Town and the Western Cape has
Tourism - seeks to increase the number of direct flights to the shown itself to be capable of being a resilient incubator of growth
City. The nine new flights and 10 expansion flights have added – and a major contributor to the ‘Africa Rising’ story – attracting
600,000 seats in the past two years.This has grown the number investment and creating jobs. It is anticipated that continued
of passengers passing through Cape Town International Airport collaborative efforts between all spheres of government (through
to a record high of 10 million in 2016, making the airport the third initiatives that support the ease of doing business, such as the
busiest on the continent. This growth has helped bring more than Cape Investor Centre), the Western Cape will continue to be
€250 million into the regional economy in Quarter 3 of 2016 alone. recognised as a leading destination for foreign investment on
the African continent
Greater air access is important not just for the business and
investor community but also for boosting Cape Town and the
Western Cape’s flourishing tourism sector. The area’s powerful
brands internationally and domestically can and must be leveraged
even further in these difficult times to drive greater investment
and employment growth by attracting more international and
domestic tourists.
Aerial view of Cape Town, with Green Point and Sea Point, Table Mountain © ShutterstockVous pouvez aussi lire
