Good policies and technology will help Africa to become financially resilient
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MARCH 23 | MARS 23 | #2019COM
52nd Session of the Economic Commission 52ème session de la Commission économique pour
for Africa Conference of African Ministers l’AfriqueConférence des ministres africains des
of Finance, Planning and Economic finances, de la planification et du développement
Development économique
Fiscal policy, trade and the private Politique budgétaire, commerce et secteur
sector in the digital era: a strategy privé à l’ère du numérique : une stratégie
for Africa pour l’Afrique
Good policies
and technology
will help Africa
to become
financially
resilient
There is an urgent need for Africa to put in place
the right fiscal policies to be able to sustainably
fund its growth and development initiatives, says
Executive Secretary of the ECA, Vera Songwe.
improve revenues by 6%, and South Africa
to improve collections by 22%.
“The big message we are sending out is that
21
Number of
Africa can improve revenue collection from ratifications
Despite fiscal reforms that raised revenue- 11% to 20% of GDP just by putting in place of the CFTA
to-GDP ratios to an average of more than 15% better fiscal policies, improving tax collection, to date – 22
between 2000 and 2017, a significant financing stopping illicit financial flows and by using needed to
gap remains. This has to be narrowed if Africa is digital technology to enhance revenue launch
to realise its Agenda 2063 ideals and meet the collection. And we know how to do that.”
3.4
deadline for the United Nations 2030 Agenda,
which is now just a little over a decade away, “We also know that the problem of how we
she said. raise the financing lies with us. Our leadership
can make the decision to actually address a
It is against this background that the 2019 substantial part of the problem.”
PERCENT
Africa’s
Conference of Ministers is being held. “One expected
of the big conversations that we have on the Songwe believes that the youth and women growth
continent is the need for [budget] financing. are a key demographic to maximise the in 2019
The question is why Africa always needs to, and potential of digital technology for better
33
goes outside, to raise this money.” economic performance. “We know that Africa
is a hub of innovation, a hub of excitement, a
“This week, we will be looking at how countries hub of activity. “The beauty with digital is that
that have had good policies, good governance you can leapfrog and do so quickly. Africa can
and good public administration have actually do so even faster. Number
raised revenues, even without necessarily of African
taxing more.” “What is exciting and important about our nations
conversations here is how we can and should classified
One of those countries, she said, is Morocco as least
do things quickly because we are behind.
developed
where the tax-to-GDP ratio is already at 25%. We are late. We are growing at 3%. We should
countries
A move to digitisation has enabled Rwanda to be growing at 10%.”
COM 2019 MARCH 23 MARS 23 #2019COM
De bonnes stratégies politiques et Coming up at
technologiques aideront l’Afrique à COM2019
devenir résiliente financièrement Events to look out for in the next
few days.
Launch of the Economic Report on
Nous savons également Africa 2019
Saturday 23
que la manière dont This provides an assessment of fiscal
nous réunissons les policy in Africa with an analysis of
challenges and opportunities as well as
fonds nous incombe best practices.
Briefing on Regional Integration in
Africa
Saturday 23
The session will assess regional
integration, looking at next steps for
the African Continental Free Trade
Vera Songwe, secrétaire exécutive « Le message principal que nous Area as well as the African Regional
de la CEA, considère qu’il est voulons faire passer est que l’Afrique Integration Index report for 2019. With
urgent que l’Afrique use de bonnes peut améliorer la collecte des recettes the CFTA almost a reality, this is a timely
politiques budgétaires pour financer de 11% à 20% du PIB, simplement en discussion.
durablement ses initiatives de pratiquant de meilleures politiques
croissance et de développement. budgétaires, en améliorant la collecte
des impôts, en mettant fin aux flux Digital trade in Africa
Malgré des réformes fiscales, qui financiers illicites et en utilisant Saturday 23
ont porté le ratio recettes fiscales/ la technologie numérique pour The digital revolution that Africa is
PIB à plus de 15% en moyenne, entre améliorer la collecte des recettes. Et experiencing will be disruptive for the
2000 et 2017, un important déficit nous savons comment faire cela. » continent and it will have implications
de financement subsiste. Il doit être for not just economies but plans for
réduit pour que l’Afrique puisse « Nous savons également que la building inclusive economies. The
réaliser ses objectifs de l’Agenda 2063 manière dont nous réunissons les session will unpack pertinent issues
et respecter l’échéance fixée pour le fonds nous incombe. Nos dirigeants relating to the Fourth Industrial
Programme 2030 des Nations unies, ont la possibilité de s’attaquer à la Revolution.
a-t-elle déclaré lors de la Conférence majeure partie du problème. »
des ministres de la CEA 2019.
Vera Songwe est convaincue que les Planning for the workforce
«L’une des grandes discussions que jeunes et les femmes sont le vecteur- of tomorrow
nous avons sur le continent tient clé pour maximiser le potentiel de la Sunday 24
dans le besoin de financement technologie numérique, en vue d’une A look at the state of African education
[budgétaire]. La question est de savoir meilleure performance économique. and training and the future of work. Is
pourquoi l’Afrique a toujours besoin Africa ready to
de sortir du continent pour récolter « Nous savons que l’Afrique est un go forward?
cet argent. » centre d’innovation, d’enthousiasme,
d’activités. L’avantage du numérique
«Cette semaine, nous examinerons réside dans le fait que nous pouvons 2019 Adebayo Adedeji Lecture
comment les pays qui ont adopté agir de façon accélérée. L’Afrique peut Monday 25
de bonnes politiques, une bonne le faire encore plus rapidement. » This important annual event will,
gouvernance et une bonne this year, look at the topic: The digital
administration publique, ont généré « Ce qui est stimulant et important transformation of Africa–hype or
des recettes de façon efficace, sans dans nos conversations ici, c’est reality? It is not to be missed.
nécessairement taxer davantage.» de voir comment nous pouvons et
devons faire les choses rapidement,
Le Maroc est l’un de ces pays : le parce que nous sommes en retard. For more information on these
ratio impôts/PIB est déjà de 25%. Au Nous sommes en retard. Notre and other events, see the website
Rwanda, le passage à la numérisation croissance est de 3%. Nous pourrions www.uneca.org/cfm2019
a permis à l’Etat d’augmenter ses atteindre 10% ! »
revenus de 6% ; en Afrique du Sud, il a
permis d’améliorer la collecte de 22%.
COM 2019 MARCH 23 MARS 23 #2019COM
ECA – 60 YEARS IN STEP WITH AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT
The Economic
1958 ECA – 60 YEARS Commission
for Africa
2018 IN STEPcomes WITH to life
As the ECA celebrates its 60th year, the newsletter will be carrying
AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT
a page every day on an aspect of the organisation. Today, we look
at the ECA’s early history
The United Nations Economic and opia, Ghana, Liberia, Morocco, Sudan, African Unity in 1963, it was one of the
Social Council (ECOSOC) established Tunisia and Egypt – ECOSOC, after regional forums for waging battles for
the Economic Commission for Africa considering their views, established economic progress on the continent
(ECA) in 1958 in an effort to support the Commission on 29 April 1958. and standing against colonialism,
African Governments to increase eco- racism and racial exploitation.
nomic activity and improve the living The first session of the Commission
standards of their citizens. was held in its new headquarters in Sixty years on, the Commission
Addis Ababa, from 29 December 1958 continues to promote economic and
Upon gaining independence, Ghana to 6 January 1959, and was attended social development in Africa, with a
sponsored a draft resolution, which by the then Secretary-General of the focus on collecting up-to-date and
28 other countries supported, for the United Nations, Dag Hammarskjöld. original regional statistics on various
establishment of the ECA. After a economic and social aspects to help
protracted campaign in the United The ECA was Africa’s first internation- African Governments base their policy
Nations General Assembly, backed al, continent-wide organisation. For research and advocacy on objective
by other African countries that had five years from its establishment to evidence.
already gained independence - Ethi- the founding of the Organization of
1958-1968 1968-1978 1978-1988
The First Decade: The Second Decade The Third Decade
INSTITUTIONAL REGIONAL ECONOMIC ARTICULATING AND
DEVELOPMENT CO-OPERATION AND ADVOCATING A
The first decade coincided with INTEGRATION COLLECTIVE RESPONSE
the independence of the majority
During the second decade, the ECA TO AFRICA’S CRISES
of countries in Africa and during
this time, the ECA placed special focused on promoting continued Owing to a marked deterioration
emphasis on laying the foundations human resource development, eco- in the socioeconomic conditions
for institutional and human resource nomic cooperation and integration, of Africa and a need for a unique
development in Africa. It also industrialisation, natural resources African response and solution to the
promoted the creation of numerous development, population, social situation, the third decade focused on
regional and sub-regional institutions, development (almost exclusively in conceptualizing key economic and
such as the African Development relation to problems affecting women social strategies and programmes,
Bank. It also established its own sub- in development), international trade, which made up the policy framework
regional offices: in Niamey, Niger, for finance, agriculture, transport and for Africa’s socioeconomic
West Africa in 1963; Tangiers, Morocco, communications. development.
for North Africa in 1963,; Lusaka in
Zambia for East and Southern Africa These included the Lagos Plan of
in 1964; and Kinshasa for Central Action, the United Nations Transport
Africa in 1965. and Communications Decade in Af-
rica and the Industrial Development
Decade for Africa.
COM 2019 MARCH 23 MARS 23 #2019COM Getting down to business @ COM 2019
COM 2019 MARCH 23 MARS 23 #2019COM
Tweets
JOIN THE CONVERSATION
#2019COM
COM 2019 MARCH 23 MARS 23 #2019COM
THE HOST Le Maroc en tête
Spotlight on Morocco des destinations
d’investissement
En 2018, le Maroc a été désigné
4th most competitive country in Africa destination d’investissement
la plus attrayante en Afrique
Source: Global Competitiveness Index: WEF 2018
par Quantum Global Research
Average 2012-2017 Lab, branche indépendante de
recherche, filiale de la société
d’investissement Quantum Global.
Quantum classe le Maroc en tête
de son indice d’investissement
en Afrique 2018 en raison de sa
forte croissance économique,
3.1%
GDP Growth
7.6%
FDI Inflow
1.4%
Inflation rate
9.7%
Unemployment
de sa position géographique
stratégique, de ses niveaux élevés
d’investissement étranger direct,
de sa faible dette extérieure et de
Growth rate
son environnement commercial
favorable.
Morocco is one of the most modern These are with the United Arab En 2018, Rand Merchant Bank a
economies in Africa. It is rapidly Emirates, Arab-Mediterranean également classé le pays parmi
becoming an attractive platform Countries, Turkey and the United les plus attractifs en Afrique. Dans
for international investors and it is a States, while it has various son rapport, Où investir en Afrique
strategic regional hub. The country agreements with the European 2018, le groupe bancaire sud-
is not only at the crossroads of the Union. It has pending agreements africain signale que le classement
main international routes, linking with UEMOA & CEMAC countries est le résultat des importantes
the US, Europe, Africa and the as well as Canada. réformes économiques et des
Middle East, it also has a unique efforts soutenus du Maroc pour
set of free trade agreements. améliorer le climat des affaires.
ECA programme priorities for 2020
Giovanie Biha, Deputy Executive business environment to address
Secretary of the ECA, outlined the challenges identified by member
priorities for 2020 at COM2019. states and ECA’s own studies
and focus on specific sectors,
They include: particularly infrastructure.
•• Refining and customising the •• Improving national statistical data
prototype macroeconomic model. collection and availability.
This includes a revision to go The ECA will support member
beyond macroeconomic stability states to update and revise their
and focus on growth in terms of statistics, with technical assistance
national development plans. planned for 20 countries.
•• Managing the ratification, •• Integrating climate resilience into
domestication and implementation national development plans.
of the Continental FTA. ••
Biha said that despite the political
Increasing gender participation in
African economies and equity in
We are going beyond
will behind the CFTA, there is still national development plans. stability and looking
a lack of clarity about how the
agreement will benefit countries.
•• Facilitating orderly and well at growth in terms
managed and planned migration
In 2020, the ECA will intensify its policies in Africa. of national
support in this regard.
This will focus on West Africa, development plans
•• Driving private sector development which has a combination of high
across a range of sectors. population growth and serious
This will include strengthening the climate challenges.
COM 2019 MARCH 23 MARS 23 #2019COM
1. Fiscal Policy Options 4. Tax Administration Options
African Anchoring fiscal policy to national Digitising tax administration systems
countries can medium-term financing strategies could increase revenue mobilisation.
increase government could allow African countries to
leverage the full potential of all
Countries that digitise their tax
administration increased compliance
revenue by 12-20% of government revenue – tax and rates and saved on compliance costs.
GDP by strengthening non-tax – for accelerated and The rollout of digital technologies
sustained growth, underpinned needs to be accompanied by capacity
revenue by macroeconomic stability. building for policy makers and tax
mobilization collection on how to take advantage
of data generated through digitisation
in six key Fiscal policy must be aligned with
for more efficient assessments.
the business cycle, improving
areas revenue mobilisation and reducing
spending to curb supply side 5. Policy Options for the
pressures while lowering taxes
and increasing spending when Natural Resources Sector
economic activity slows. African countries should strengthen
their oversight of the natural
resources sector. They could
2. Tax Policy Options consider a more equitable and less
administratively challenging approach
Policy options
African governments must widen
the tax base by bringing hard-to- to assessing the share of multinational
tax sectors into the net, including companies’ profits to tax or they could
to increase agriculture, the informal economy,
the digital economy and the natural
base tax on variables that are harder
to manipulate than corporate income.
government resources sector. Countries must
reassess tax incentives and drop
At the same time, governments need
to close loopholes to thwart base
revenue those that do not serve their erosion and profit shifting
intended purpose.
In its Economic Report on 6. Debt policy options
Africa 2019, launched in 3. Non-tax Revenue Options The new dynamics of public
debt in Africa call for effective
Marrakesh today, the ECA Investing in better data collection
debt sustainability strategies and
methods and implementation could
looks at policy options strengthen monitoring of non- frameworks. These include ways
to increase government tax revenue and evasion. Non-tax to improve revenue mobilisation
revenue collection can be enhanced in order to enhance debt servicing
revenue and provide by building strong institutions with and reduce long-term borrowing,
sustainable financing high levels of expertise, building promote local currency-denominated
new infrastructure and establishing debt instruments, and enhance the
for the continent’s capacity for improved assessment of
effective co-ordination between
development central and local governments. public debt risks and sustainability.
Global economic 2017 2018
growth a nd
favourable domestic
conditions supported 3.4% 3.2%
Africa’s economic
performance, but
progress on social ECONOMIC GROWTH
development has Progress
been slow underpinned by Poverty
Health
SOLID GLOBAL GROWTH
Education
Moderate increase Favourable Inclusive Growth
in commodity prices domestic conditions
Social Development
COM 2019 MARCH 23 MARS 23 #2019COM
The Business of Africa: Views & Insights
Zouhair Chorfi Lilia Naas Hachem
Secretary General, Ministry Director, SRO, Northern
of Economy and Finance, Africa, ECA
Morocco
This event is important because it
C’est une conférence importante is the biggest gathering of African
compte tenu des thèmes qui ont été finance ministers and ministers of
retenus et également de la qualité economy and planning These are
des participants. Nous avons trois the key people that take decisions
jours pour préparer la réunion au and decide on the future and the
niveau des ministres et de débattre vision for the future.
de trois questions essentielles que
sont bien sûr la question budgétaire,
Oliver Chinganya la question du renforcement des
échanges commerciaux, le rôle du
Director of the African
secteur privé et tout ça compte tenu
Centre for Statistics, ECA des perspectives que nous offrent les
technologies de l’information.
One aspect that came out very
clearly in the discussions is about
the availability of data at country Joseph Atta Mensa
level and the need for countries to Principal Policy Advisor,
invest a little bit more in statistics. Capacity Development, ECA Eskedar Nega
We are just hoping that at the end Chief, Evaluation Section, ECA
of the conference we, together with
the member states, are able to come This has been an opportunity to
up with a guide to what the optimal show a video and infographics
policy interventions should be on the on what our partners and
continent in order to advance the member states think about ECA’s
Africa that we want. interventions, where they tell us
how to improve on our interventions
and what we can do better and
what we can do differently to be
more relevant, effective and fit for
purpose to deliver on Agenda 2030
and Agenda 2063.
Thank you to the
PUBLISHERS EDITOR EDITORIAL CONTRIBUTORS
contributions of:
IC PUBLICATIONS Dianna Games Afif Ben Yedder
7 Coldbath Square gamesdianna@gmail.com Omar Ben Yedder
ECA
London EC1R 4LQ reGinaJane Jere
Communication
ART DIRECTOR Shoshana Kedem
Team
609 Bat A. 77 rue Bayen Karishma Mehta
75017 Paris PROOFREADER
TRANSLATION Laurent Soucaille
www.icpublications.com Constance Haasz
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