Body Counts Medical Quantification in Historical and Sociological Perspective / La quantification medicale, perspectives historiques et sociologiques
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A-FRONT.QXD 3/9/2005 5:00 PM Page iii
Foreword iii
Body Counts
Medical Quantification in Historical and
Sociological Perspective /
La quantification medicale, perspectives
historiques et sociologiques
edited by
g é r a r d j o r l a n d , a n n i c k o pi n el,
a n d g e o r ge wei sz
Published for / publié pour
Fondation merieux
by / par
McGill-Queen’s University Press
Montreal & Kingston • London • IthacaA-FRONT.QXD 3/9/2005 5:00 PM Page iv
© McGill-Queen’s University Press 2005
isbn 0-7735-2829-6 (cloth)
isbn 0-7735-2925-x (paper)
Legal deposit second quarter 2005
Bibliothèque nationale du Québec
Printed in Canada on acid-free paper that is 100% ancient forest free (100% post-
consumer recycled), processed chlorine free.
McGill-Queen’s University Press acknowledges the support of the Canada Council
for the Arts for its publishing program. It also acknowledges the financial support
of the Government of Canada through the Book Publishing Industry Development
Program (bpidp) for its publishing activities.
Library and Archives Canada Cataloguing in Publication
Body counts : medical quantification in historical and sociological perspective = la
quantification médicale, perspectives historiques et sociologiques / edited by Gérard
Jorland, Annick Opinel and George Weisz.
Text in English and French.
Proceedings of the symposium La quantification dans les sciences médicales et de
la santé: perspective historique, held at Musée Claude-Bernard, in Saint-Julien-en-
Beaujolais, France, Oct. 24–26, 2002.
Includes index.
isbn 0-7735-2829-6 (bound).—isbn 0-7735-2925-x (pbk.)
1. Medical statistics—History—Congresses. 2. Epidemiology—Statistical meth-
ods—History—Congresses. 3. Medical instruments and apparatus—History—Con-
gresses. I. Jorland, Gérard II. Opinel, Annick III. Weisz, George IV. Fonda-
tion Marcel-Mérieux V. Title: Quantification médicale, perspectives historiques et
sociologiques.
ra407.b62 2005 610’.9 c2004-906136-4E
Catalogage avant publication de Bibliothèque et Archives Canada
Body counts : medical quantification in historical and sociological perspective = la
quantification médicale, perspectives historiques et sociologiques / edited by Gérard
Jorland, Annick Opinel and George Weisz.
Textes en anglais et en français.
Compte-rendu du symposium La quantification dans les sciences médicales et de la
santé: perspective historique, présentée au Musée Claude-Bernard, in Saint-Julien-
en-Beaujolais, France, Oct. 24–26, 2002.
Comprend un index.
isbn 0-7735-2829-6 (relié).—isbn 0-7735-2925-x (br.)
1. Statistique médicale—Histoire—Congrès. 2. Épidémiologie—Méthodes
statistiques—Histoire—Congrès. 3. Médicine—Appareils et instruments—Histoire—
Congrès. I. Jorland, Gérard II. Opinel, Annick III. Weisz, George IV. Fonda-
tion Marcel-Mérieux V. Titre: Quantification médicale, perspectives historiques et
sociologiques.
ra407.b62 2005 610’.9 c2004-906136-4f
Typeset in 10/12 Baskerville by True to TypeA-FRONT.QXD 3/9/2005 5:00 PM Page v
Foreword v
Contents
Contributors ix
1 Introduction: Who Counts?
Gérard Jorland and George Weisz 3
part one medic al arithmetic
2 Quantifying Experience and Beating Biases: A New Culture
in Eighteenth-Century British Clinical Medicine
Ulrich Tröhler 19
3 When the State Counts Lives:
Eighteenth-Century Quarrels over Inoculation
Harry M. Marks 51
4 Quantifying Infant Mortality in England and France, 1750–1800
Andrea Rusnock 65
part two quantific ation and instr umentation
5 Medical Statistics at the Paris School: What Was at Stake?
Ann F. La Berge 89
6 Standardizing Body Temperature: Quantification in Hospitals
and Daily Life, 1850–1900
Volker Hess 109
7 Les multiples usages de la quantification en médecine :
Le cas du diabète sucré
Christiane Sinding 127A-FRONT.QXD 3/9/2005 5:00 PM Page vi
vi Contents
8 “Measures, Instruments, Methods, and Results”:
Jozefa Joteyko on Social Reforms and Physiological Measures
Ilana Löwy 145
9 The Production of Biomedical Measures:
Three Platforms for Quantifying Cancer Pathology
Peter Keating and Alberto Cambrosio 173
part three statistics and the
underdetermination of theories
10 La sous-détermination des théories médicales par les
statistiques: le cas Semmelweis
Gérard Jorland 205
11 Epidemiology in Transition:
Tobacco and Lung Cancer in the 1950s
Mark Parascandola 226
part four reducing uncertainty and
the politics of health
12 William Farr and Quantification in Nineteenth-Century English
Public Health
Michael Donnelly 251
13 La santé publique et ses instruments de mesure :
Des barèmes évaluatifs américains aux indices numériques
de la Société des Nations, 1915–1955
Lion Murard 266
14 Statistical Theory Was Not the Reason That Randomization Was
Used in the British Medical Research Council’s Clinical Trial of
Streptomycin for Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Iain Chalmers 309
15 Exigence scientifique et isolement institutionnel : L’essor con-
trarié de l’épidémiologie française dans la seconde moitié du
XXe siècle
Luc Berlivet 335
16 L’infléchissement du travail politique autour des essais con-
trôlés : L’épidémie de sida à la fin du XXe siècle
Nicolas Dodier 359A-FRONT.QXD 3/9/2005 5:00 PM Page vii
Contents vii
part five afterthoughts
17 From Clinical Counting to Evidence-Based Medicine
George Weisz 377
18 Medical Quantification: Science, Regulation, and the State
Theodore M. Porter 394
Index 403Vous pouvez aussi lire
