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Liste des publications du Think Tank du PE
https://www.europarl.europa.eu/thinktank
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Mot-clé "utilisation des terres"
36 Résultat(s) trouvé(s)
Date de création : 05-03-20222030 climate target plan: review of Land Use, Land Use Change and Forestry (LULUCF) Regulation
Type de publicationÉtude
Date 25-06-2021
Auteur externe Cristina, URRUTIA, Anke HEROLD and Sabine GORES
Domaine politique Adoption de la législation par le Parlement européen et le Conseil | Environnement | Planification
Mot-clé adaptation au changement climatique | changement climatique | gaz à effet de serre | politique de l'environnement de
l'UE | politique européenne de la forêt | rapport de recherche | règlement (UE) | réduction des émissions de gaz |
surveillance de l'environnement | sylviculture durable | utilisation des terres | État membre UE
Résumé The proceedings summarise the expert presentations and discussions of the workshop on the extension of the Review
of the Land Use, Land Use Change and Forestry Regulation. The workshop served to prepare the ENVI Committee for
the upcoming legislative “Fit for 55” package of proposals, as part of the European Green Deal. The presentations
focused on options for improving carbon sinks in the EU and strengthening the LULUCF Regulation. This document
was provided by the Policy Department for Economic, Scientific and Quality of Life Policies for the Committee on the
Environment, Public Health and Food Safety (ENVI).
Étude EN
Understanding farm structure
Type de publication En bref
Date 09-11-2020
Auteur ROSSI Rachele
Domaine politique Agriculture et développement rural
Mot-clé collecte de données | localisation de la production | politique agricole | politique agricole commune | production
agricole | statistique de l'UE | structure agricole | utilisation des terres
Résumé Farm structure refers to the composition and organisation of an agricultural productive unit, typically for growing crops
and rearing farm animals. Farm structure data allow analysis of the functioning of farms and their responses to events
and agricultural policies. While basic statistics are key for capturing the essentials of the EU farming sector,
understanding the various elements of farm structure implies more thorough analysis of the data.
En bref EN
Research for REGI Committee-Urban Agenda: Assessment from the European Parliament's Perspective
Type de publication Étude
Date 15-11-2019
Auteur externe TU Delft: Willem K KORTHALS ALTES, Marietta EA HAFFNER
Assisted by Danielle A GROETELAERS
Domaine politique Développement régional
Mot-clé agglomération urbaine | cohésion économique et sociale | développement régional | habitat urbain | initiative de l'UE |
politique du logement | problème urbain | programme de l'UE | rapport d'étude de l'UE | urbanisation | utilisation des
terres
Résumé The 2016 Pact of Amsterdam launched the Urban Agenda for the European Union. Within its framework, partnerships
of urban authorities, Member States and other stakeholders have developed action plans to achieve better funding,
better knowledge and better regulation for the priority theme of their partnership. This study provides an overview and
critical assessment of the current state of play including the position of the European Parliament. Two partnerships, (1)
Sustainable Use of Land and Nature-based Solutions and (2) Housing, are studied in more detail.
Étude EN
Land use in the EU 2030 climate and energy framework
Type de publication Briefing
Date 19-07-2018
Auteur ERBACH Gregor
Domaine politique Adoption de la législation par le Parlement européen et le Conseil | Environnement
Mot-clé changement climatique | communication des données | comptabilité économique agricole | contrôle de la pollution |
gaz à effet de serre | législation | politique de l'environnement de l'UE | politique en matière de changement climatique |
politique européenne de la forêt | proposition (UE) | surveillance de l'environnement | utilisation des terres
Résumé On 20 July 2016, the European Commission proposed a regulation regarding the inclusion of greenhouse gas (GHG)
emissions and removals from land use and forestry in the EU 2030 climate and energy framework. This would be the
first time that the land-use sector is formally included in EU climate policy. The regulation would require Member States
to balance emissions and removals from the land-use sector over two five-year periods between 2021 and 2030. It
sets out accounting rules and allows for certain flexibilities. The new regulation is part of the EU’s efforts to reduce its
GHG emissions by 40% below 1990 levels by 2030. This target was set by the European Council in October 2014, and
is also the EU’s international commitment under the Paris Agreement on climate change. After completion of the
legislative procedure, the final act was signed on 30 May 2018. The regulation entered into force on 9 July 2018. Fifth
edition. The ‘EU Legislation in Progress’ briefings are updated at key stages throughout the legislative procedure.
Please note this document has been designed for on-line viewing.
Briefing EN
05-03-2022 Source : © Union européenne, 2022 - PE 1Research for AGRI Committee - Urban and peri-urban Agriculture in the EU
Type de publication
Étude
Date16-04-2018
Auteur externeA. Piorr, I. Zasada, A. Doernberg, F. Zoll, W. Ramme (Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF)
Domaine politiqueAgriculture et développement rural | Développement régional | Protection des consommateurs
Mot-cléagriculture durable | Feader | politique régionale de l'UE | statistique | sécurité alimentaire | utilisation des terres | zone
suburbaine | zone urbaine
Résumé This study presents a state of the art overview on urban agriculture and peri-urban agriculture (UPUA), the diversity of
phenomena, motivations, distinctive features, benefits and limitations. UPUA is contextualized in relation to societal
and economic transformations, EU strategic objectives, policies and regional food system approaches. Using best
practice examples, the study demonstrates the need for an improved integration of UPUA into the policy agenda
across sectors, domains and governance levels.
Étude EN
Palm oil: economic and environmental impacts
Type de publicationEn bref
Date 16-02-2018
Auteur RUSSELL Martin
Domaine politique Affaires économiques et monétaires | Affaires étrangères | Environnement
Mot-clé agriculture durable | changement climatique | déboisement | développement durable | forêt tropicale | Malaisie | noix de
palme | produit alimentaire | utilisation des terres | État membre UE
Résumé Economical and versatile, palm oil has become the world's most widely used vegetable oil. However, its production
comes at a heavy environmental cost, especially in Indonesia and Malaysia, the two main producers. Efforts to make
its production more sustainable still have a long way to go.
En bref EN
EU sustainability criteria for bioenergy
Type de publicationBriefing
Date 29-08-2017
Auteur ERBACH Gregor
Domaine politique Environnement | Énergie
Mot-clé aide de l'État | biocarburant | biomasse | bioénergie | conférence ONU | contrôle des aides d'État | droit de l'UE |
développement durable | politique en matière de changement climatique | politique forestière | utilisation des terres |
énergie renouvelable | étude d'impact
Résumé Bioenergy, which is generally produced from plants such as agricultural crops or trees, comes in various forms. Wood
and other solid biomass are commonly used for heating and electricity generation. Liquid biofuels for transport and
other purposes are mainly made from food and feed crops, but can also be produced from waste and residues.
Bioenergy can also be delivered in the form of gas. Bioenergy is a renewable but finite energy source, and considered
as climate-friendly because the carbon which is emitted during combustion was removed from the atmosphere during
growth of the biomass and will be removed again after some time if new plants are grown. However, its production and
use has environmental impacts and the climate benefits may vary. The existing Renewable Energy Directive sets
mandatory sustainability and greenhouse gas saving criteria for biofuels. For forest biomass, the Commission issued
recommendations, but these are not uniformly implemented in the Member States. In November 2016, the
Commission proposed a revised Renewable Energy Directive which includes mandatory sustainability criteria for both
biofuels and biomass. The European Parliament supports sustainability criteria for bioenergy, and highlighted the
sustainability issues of forest biomass in its June 2016 resolution on renewable energy. Stakeholder reactions to the
Commission proposal have been mixed. While environmental NGOs called for stricter criteria, the bioenergy industries
warned that tighter limits on conventional biofuels hinder the decarbonisation of the transport sector. Farmers and
forest owners expressed concern about additional economic and administrative burden and stressed the principle of
subsidiarity in forest policies.
Briefing EN
Multimédia EU sustainability criteria for bioenergy
05-03-2022 Source : © Union européenne, 2022 - PE 2Transparent and Accountable Management of Natural Resources in Developing Countries: The Case of
Forests
Type de publication Étude
Date 31-05-2017
Auteur externe - Peter MINANG, Principal Scientist, World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) and ASB Partnership for The Tropical Forest
Margins), Kenya;
- Lalisa DUGUMA, Scientist, World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) and ASB Partnership for The Tropical Forest
Margins), Kenya;
- Florence BERNARD, Associate scientist, World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), Kenya and
- Judith NZYOKA, Assistant Scientist, World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) and ASB Partnership for The Tropical Forest
Margins), Kenya
Domaine politique Commerce international | Développement et aide humanitaire | Développement régional | Environnement | Évaluation
du droit et des mesures politiques dans la pratique
Mot-clé aide au développement | aide financière | biodiversité | biomasse | déboisement | développement durable | forêt | gaz à
effet de serre | industrie du bois | pays tiers | protection de la forêt | réduction des émissions de gaz | répartition du
financement de l'UE | sylviculture durable | utilisation des terres
Résumé This study reviewed the state of transparency and accountability in the forestry sector in developing countries focusing
on contributions of EU actions and provisions on the same. The study was based on review of literature, policies and
reports on forest governance, using three FLEGT-VPA case study countries, namely Cameroon, Ghana and Tanzania.
More than 200 million Euros have been invested into FLEGT-VPA and related activities around Africa with positive
impacts on transparency, accountability and overall governance. Less impact is elicited regarding benefits to local
people and FLEGT interactions with other mechanisms such as REDD+. More importantly, little evidence exists on
direct evidence of FLEGT-VPA processes incentivizing sustainable forest management even though there is some
evidence of growth in legal timber export numbers. Recommendations for improving FLEGT –VPA include, expanding
the definition of “legality” to include safeguards that ensure community rights and benefits; strengthening EU-China
FLEGT-VPA initiatives to enable comparable standards for African timber; including small scale and agroforestry-
based domestic timber into the EU Timber Regulation (EUTR); increasing capacity building and synergy with other
mechanisms such as REDD+. Opportunities for new EU policies and actions include FLEGT-type monitoring for forest-
related SDGs and incentives for actions in the New York Declaration on Forests.
Étude EN
Bridging the rural-urban divide: Rural-urban partnerships in the EU
Type de publication Briefing
Date 05-01-2016
Auteur AUGÈRE-GRANIER Marie-Laure
Domaine politique Agriculture et développement rural | Développement régional
Mot-clé aménagement du territoire | cohésion économique et sociale | collectivité territoriale | développement durable |
développement rural | développement régional | financement de l'UE | politique régionale de l'UE | programme de l'UE
| relation ville-campagne | urbanisation | utilisation des terres
Résumé In today's Europe, the traditional rural-urban dichotomy seems no longer relevant from a territorial development point
of view. The boundaries of both rural and urban regions are becoming increasingly blurred, and traditional geographic
definitions no longer fully reflect the reality of areas connected by a range of complex socio-economic linkages. At the
European level, statistical methods have been refined to better reflect this complexity and provide a clearer view of the
European Union's territory according to a new rural-urban typology. Both types of regions have different assets and
resources which can be used in a complementary manner. At the rural/urban interface, however, conflicts can arise in
connection to land use, whenever cities spread over what used to be agricultural land. Studies on the nature and
extent of urban/rural linkages have identified the key concept of 'functional regions', which are defined by their socio-
economic integration rather than by administrative boundaries. In all EU Member States, local and regional authorities
have built rural-urban partnerships to better harness the potential of such regions. Over the past two decades, the EU
has supported numerous projects and studies to assess the value of these partnerships and the way they can
contribute to the objective of greater territorial cohesion. The policy framework for 2014-2020, which reflects the
objectives of the EU 2020 strategy and offers better coordination of structural funds as well as new tools fostering
integrated strategies, puts even greater emphasis on rural-urban interaction, allowing Member States to invest in
mixed areas in a more targeted way. Please click here for the full publication in PDF format
Briefing EN
Resource Efficiency Indicators
Type de publicationÉtude
Date 02-06-2015
Auteur externe Hubert Reisinger, Maria Tesar and Brigitte Read
Domaine politique Environnement | Industrie | Planification | Énergie
Mot-clé croissance économique | développement durable | gestion de l'eau | gestion des ressources | impact sur
l'environnement | indicateur environnemental | recyclage des déchets | ressource naturelle | utilisation des terres
Résumé This report summarises the presentations and discussions during the Workshop on Resource Efficiency Indicators held
on 14 April 2015.
There was general agreement that world economic growth will soon be limited by the earth’s carrying capacity. In order
to have a system for steering the necessary policy measures a set of resource efficiency indicators is needed. In this
indicator set priority should be given to most needed indicators. In addition, footprint type indicators, which take into
account indirect flows, are needed.
The workshop was organised by Policy Department A at the request of the European Parliament's Committee on the
Environment, Public Health and Food Safety.
Étude EN
05-03-2022 Source : © Union européenne, 2022 - PE 3Politique des biocarburants et changement indirect dans l'affectation des sols
Type de publication En bref
Date 20-04-2015
Auteur BOURGUIGNON Didier
Domaine politique Environnement | Évaluation du droit et des mesures politiques dans la pratique
Mot-clé biocarburant | bioénergie | coopération interinstitutionnelle (UE) | création d'emploi | culture énergétique | impact sur
l'environnement | production d'énergie | rendement énergétique | réduction des émissions de gaz | transport routier |
utilisation des terres
Résumé L'Union européenne a apporté son soutien aux biocarburants, en particulier en vue de réduire les émissions de gaz à
effet de serre dans les transports routiers. Toutefois, la politique actuelle a été souvent critiquée, y compris par le
Parlement européen, parce qu'elle ne tient pas compte des émissions dues au changement indirect dans l'affectation
des sols. La Commission a présenté une proposition législative en octobre 2012 pour pallier cette lacune. Les
négociations en seconde lecture avec le Conseil ont débouché sur un compromis, qui fera l'objet d'un vote en plénière.
En bref ES, DE, EN, FR, IT, PL
EU biofuels policy: Dealing with indirect land use change
Type de publication Briefing
Date 16-02-2015
Auteur BOURGUIGNON Didier
Domaine politique Environnement | Évaluation du droit et des mesures politiques dans la pratique
Mot-clé aliment du bétail | biocarburant | gaz à effet de serre | impact sur l'environnement | pollution par l'agriculture |
production alimentaire | réduction des émissions de gaz | utilisation des terres
Résumé In 2003, the European Union established a biofuels support policy, primarily with the aim of lowering CO2 emissions in
the transport sector. Critics have accused this policy of inducing indirect land use change (ILUC), which triggers an
increase in global food prices and in food insecurity for the poor, promotes the creation of large land holdings and the
use of available ('marginal') land in developing countries, and not least, boosts carbon emissions. Most research
carried out recently suggests that while concerns regarding food production may have been overstated, those related
to ILUC are not, as ILUC can indeed increase the release of CO2 emissions during biofuel production. The biofuels
industry argues that it sustains many jobs in European rural areas.
In 2012, the European Commission presented a legislative proposal to address some of these concerns while
preserving existing investments. It proposed capping conventional biofuels and promoting advanced biofuels. The
proposal is expected to go through a second reading in Parliament and the Council in early 2015.
Parliament has called for a conventional biofuels cap, a sub-target for advanced biofuels and the consideration of ILUC
factors, while stressing the need for a post-2020 policy.
Advanced biofuels are not yet produced on a large scale in the EU. Although in principle they have advantages over
conventional biofuels, the technologies are not fully mature, investment is lacking and the sustainability of feedstocks
needs to be assessed.
The biofuels and farming sectors advocate the continued production of conventional biofuels as a source of jobs and
economic activity in rural areas and oppose radical changes in policy. Some NGOs are generally opposed to
conventional biofuels and would prefer cautious support measures for advanced biofuels.
This briefing updates an earlier one of January 2015.
Briefing EN
The Impact of Biofuels on Transport and the Environment, and their Connection with Agricultural
Development in Europe
Type de publication Étude
Date 16-02-2015
Auteur externe Luisa Marelli, Monica Padella, Robert Edwards, Alberto Moro, Marina Kousoulidou, Jacopo Giuntoli, David Baxter,
Veljko Vorkapic, Alessandro Agostini, Adrian O’Connell, Laura Lonza and Lilian Garcia-Lledo (European Commission,
Joint Research Centre, Institute for Energy and Transport, Sustainable Transport Unit)
Domaine politique Transports | Évaluation du droit et des mesures politiques dans la pratique
Mot-clé analyse coût-bénéfice | bioénergie | conséquence économique | culture énergétique | impact sur l'environnement |
marché agricole | mobilité durable | politique agricole commune | prix des produits de base | production d'énergie |
recherche énergétique | rendement énergétique | réduction des émissions de gaz | sylviculture durable | utilisation des
terres
Résumé The use of biofuels in transport is being promoted as a means of tackling climate change, diversifying energy sources
and securing energy supply. Biofuels production also provides new options for using agricultural crops. However, it
also gives rise to environmental, social and economic concerns which are the subject of intense debate worldwide.
This study provides a detailed overview of biofuels production and consumption and of related policies worldwide. It
also contains comprehensive analysis and discussion of key aspects affecting the overall sustainability of biofuels.
These include, in particular, their impact on agricultural markets, emissions from indirect land-use change, and
greenhouse gas emissions.
Étude EN
05-03-2022 Source : © Union européenne, 2022 - PE 4Addressing the Human Rights Impacts of 'Land Grabbing'
Type de publicationÉtude
Date 10-12-2014
Auteur externe COTULA Lorenzo
Domaine politique Droits de l''homme
Mot-clé acquisition de la propriété | aide au développement | aide de l'UE | biocarburant | droits de l'homme | développement
durable | entreprise privée | financement de l'UE | gouvernement d'entreprise | pays en développement | politique
commerciale commune | politique foncière | propriété foncière agricole | utilisation des terres
Résumé This Study discusses the human rights issues raised by large-scale land deals for plantation agriculture (‘land
grabbing’) in low and middle-income countries. Firstly, the Study takes stock of available data on large land deals, their
features and their driving forces. It finds that ‘land grabbing’ is a serious issue requiring urgent attention. Secondly, the
Study conceptualises the link between land deals and human rights, reviews relevant international human rights law
and discusses evidence on actual and potential human rights impacts. It finds that important human rights dimensions
are at stake, and that compressions of human rights have been documented in some contexts. Thirdly, the Study
identifies the areas of EU policy that are most directly relevant to addressing the human rights impacts of ‘land
grabbing’, and in so doing it also briefly discusses developments in home and host countries as well as internationally.
Fourthly, the Study proposes courses of action by which the EU, and the European Parliament in particular, can further
prevent or remedy human rights violations linked to large-scale land deals.
Étude EN
La sélection des végétaux et l’agriculture innovante
Type de publication Étude
Date 15-10-2013
Auteur externe Rolf Meyer (ITAS, Karlsruhe, Germany), Tomas Ratinger (Technology Centre ASCR, Prague, Czech Republic) and
Kai Peter Voss-Fels (University of Gieβen, Germany)
Domaine politique Agriculture et développement rural | Politique de recherche
Mot-clé agriculture durable | amélioration des plantes | entretien des cultures | perte de récolte | production végétale |
protection du sol | système de culture | utilisation des terres
Résumé Dans le cadre du projet STOA intitulé "Options technologiques pour nourrir 10 milliards de personnes", ce rapport
analyse comment les concepts de management agricole, les pratiques et les technologies, y compris la sélection des
végétaux, pourraient rendre possible une intensification durable de la production d’espèces végétales, dans le but
d'augmenter la production de denrées alimentaires et de stimuler l'offre dans ce domaine. L'intensification durable a
pour but d'augmenter la production de denrées alimentaires sans augmentation concomitante des surfaces cultivées et
tout en réduisant l’impact sur l'environnement, dans des conditions sociales et économiques favorables.
L'étude s'intéresse à l'agriculture dans les pays en développement comme dans les pays industrialisés (Europe), à
l'agriculture à petite et à grande échelle, aux systèmes de production agricole extensive et intensive, et aux techniques
de production traditionnelles et de pointe. Les principaux sujets abordés sont les suivants:
- Réduire les écarts de rendement – l'intensification durable et l'amélioration des pratiques culturales;
- Augmenter le potentiel de rendement – la sélection des végétaux;
- Réduire les pertes de récolte – amélioration des procédures avant la récolte et après.
Des possibilités d'action sont proposées et examinées pour ces thèmes.
Étude EN
Résumé exécutif ES, CS, DE, EL, EN, FR, IT, HU, NL, PL, PT, RO, SV
Annexe 1 EN
Annexe 2 EN
Gestion durable des ressources naturelles: l'eau et l'agriculture
Type de publication Étude
Date 15-05-2013
Auteur externe Jana Poláková (Project Leader, IEEP), Andrew Farmer (IEEP), Sandra Berman (BIO Intelligence Service), Sandra
Naumann (Ecologic Institute), Ana Frelih-Larsen (Ecologic Institute) and Johanna von Toggenburg (Ecologic Institut)
Domaine politique Agriculture et développement rural | Environnement | Politique de recherche
Mot-clé agriculture durable | aménagement hydroagricole | gestion de l'eau | politique agricole commune | protection des eaux
| protection du sol | recherche agronomique | recherche sur l'environnement | ressource en eau | ressource en sol |
utilisation des terres
Résumé L'eau est une ressource naturelle essentielle qui est l'une des priorités de la politique d'utilisation efficace des
ressources de l'Union européenne, ainsi que des cadres politiques mondiaux des Nations unies. La qualité mais aussi
la quantité des ressources en eau jouent un rôle déterminant dans la gestion durable de cette ressource naturelle. De
son côté, l'agriculture dépend de nombreuses ressources naturelles, dont l'eau. Les pressions exercées sur le secteur
de l'eau et le secteur agricole risquent d'être exacerbées par le changement climatique, par exemple par
l'intensification de la fréquence et de la gravité des sècheresses et des inondations, qui portent atteinte aux terres
agricoles et demandent une adaptation de la part des usagers de l'eau, des exploitants agricoles, des régions et des
États membres.
Étude EN
Résumé exécutif EN
Annexe 1 EN
Annexe 2 ES, CS, DE, EL, EN, FR, IT, HU, PT, RO, SV
05-03-2022 Source : © Union européenne, 2022 - PE 5Changements indirects d'affectation des sols liés aux biocarburants et aux bioliquides : première
évaluation de l'analyse d'impact de la Commission européenne
Type de publication Briefing
Date 15-03-2013
Auteur MANIAKI-GRIVA Alexia
Domaine politique Environnement | Énergie | Évaluation de l''impact ex ante
Mot-clé affectation des terres | biocarburant | culture énergétique | proposition (UE) | réduction des émissions de gaz |
utilisation des terres | étude d'impact
Résumé La présente note a pour objectif de fournir une première analyse des forces et des faiblesses de l'analyse d'impact de
la Commission accompagnant la proposition de directive du Parlement européen et du Conseil modifiant la directive
98/70/CE concernant la qualité de l'essence et des carburants diesel et modifiant la directive 2009/28/CE relative à la
promotion de l'utilisation de l'énergie produite à partir de sources renouvelables.
Elle n'a pas vocation à examiner le contenu de la proposition et a été élaborée à des fins d'information et de mise en
contexte afin d'offrir une assistance plus large aux commissions parlementaires et aux députés dans leurs travaux.
Briefing DE, EN, FR
Proceedings of the Workshop "Sustainable Biofuels: Addressing Indirect Land Use Change"
Type de publication Étude
Date 15-02-2013
Auteur externe ICEDD (Institut de Conseil et d'Etudes en Développement Durable)
Maria José LOPEZ, Yves MARENNE, Marco ORSINI
Domaine politique Agriculture et développement rural | Environnement | Énergie
Mot-clé affectation des terres | agriculture durable | biocarburant | culture énergétique | impact sur l'environnement | prix
alimentaire | réduction des émissions de gaz | utilisation des terres
Résumé Further to the publication of a new legislative proposal addressing the emissions from indirect land-use change (ILUC)
and amending the Directives on Fuel Quality (Directive 98/70/EC) and Renewable Energy (Directive 2009/28/EC) by
the European Commission in October 2012, the Coordinators of the ENVI Committee requested the organisation of a
workshop on this issue. The workshop consisted of an exchange of views with representatives of EU institutions,
research institutes, biofuels industry, NGOs and other stakeholders. The first part was aimed at presenting the
European Commission's proposal and providing scientific input on the assessment of the impacts of ILUC. The second
part introduced policy options on the table and future perspectives from the point of view of industry and NGOs. The
workshop was co-chaired by MEPs Corinne Lepage (ENVI rapporteur) and Alejo Vidal-Quadras (ITRE rapporteur). EU
Climate Commissioner Connie Hedegaard held the keynote speech. This report summarises the presentations,
discussions and conclusions.
Étude EN
Research on: biofuels
Type de publicationAnalyse approfondie
Date 15-01-2013
Auteur RAGONNAUD Guillaume
Domaine politique Environnement | Politique de recherche
Mot-clé biocarburant | commerce international | développement durable | impact sur l'environnement | pays en développement
| prix alimentaire | recherche énergétique | réduction des émissions de gaz | sécurité d'approvisionnement | utilisation
des terres
Résumé In the past decade, the demand for biofuels has steadily increased, at a global level and in the EU. The main biofuels
currently on the market are “first-generation biofuels”, i.e. derived from agricultural feedstocks. The most widely used
biofuels are by far biodiesel and bioethanol. Biodiesel is produced from vegetable oils (such as rapeseed, sunflower
seed and soybean oils) or animal fats. Bioethanol is obtained through the fermentation of sugars into alcohol, using for
example sugar beet, maize or wheat. The so-called “second-generation biofuels” (i.e. originating from the processing
of ligno-cellulosic feedstock such as straw and forest residues) are not yet well developed.
Analyse approfondie EN
Proceedings of the Workshop on "Biofuels and Indirect Land Use Change"
Type de publication Étude
Date 15-02-2012
Auteur externe Uwe R. Fritsche (Öko-Institut), Hans Van Steen (DG Energy, European Commission), Jan-Erik Petersen (EEA), Luisa
Marelli (EC DG JRC), Kjell Andersson (AEBIOM), Göran Berndes (Chalmers University & IEA Bioenergy Task 43) and
Nuša Urbancic (T&E)
Domaine politique Environnement | Énergie
Mot-clé biocarburant | biodiversité | consommation d'énergie | gaz à effet de serre | impact sur l'environnement | production
agricole | utilisation des terres | écosystème
Résumé Expecting the release of the European Commission’s impact assessment on "indirect land use change (ILUC) related
to biofuels and bioliquids on greenhouse gas emissions and addressing ways to minimize it", the Coordinators of the
ENVI Committee requested the organisation of a workshop on this issue. The workshop consisted of different
presentations and an exchange of views with Members and established experts in the area of the biofuels and ILUC.
This report summarises the presentation, discussions and conclusions.
Étude EN
05-03-2022 Source : © Union européenne, 2022 - PE 6Changement indirect dans l'affectation des sols et biocarburants
Type de publication Étude
Date 07-02-2011
Auteur externe Uwe R. Fritsche and Kirsten Wiegmann (Oeko-Institut, Energy & Climate Division, Darmstadt, Germany)
Domaine politique Environnement | Énergie
Mot-clé biocarburant | changement climatique | gaz à effet de serre | utilisation des terres | énergie renouvelable
Résumé Cette étude traite de l'impact du changement indirect dans l'affectation des sols sur les émissions de gaz à effet de
serre (GES) des biocarburants, en évaluant l'ampleur du changement indirect dans l'affectation des sols lié aux
objectifs de l'UE en matière de biocarburants. À ce titre, la présente étude inclut des révisions et des analyses critiques
des études effectuées pour la Commission, de même qu'une brève évaluation du rapport de la Commission sur les
changements indirects d’affectation des sols.
L'étude évalue également les éventuels effets cumulatifs de l'objectif en matière de biocarburants et de l'utilisation de
la biomasse à des fins énergétiques, comme l'envisagent les plans d'action nationaux pour les énergies renouvelables,
et tire des conclusions sur le niveau approprié d'un facteur correspondant aux modifications indirectes de l’affectation
des sols.
Étude EN
Résumé exécutif DE, FR
The development of climate negotiations in view of Cancun (COP 16)
Type de publication Étude
Date 15-11-2010
Auteur externe Anke Herold, Martin Cames and Vanessa Cook (Oeko-Institut e.V. - Institute for Applied Ecology, Freiburg-Darmstadt-
Berlin, Germany)
Domaine politique Développement et aide humanitaire | Environnement | Transports
Mot-clé droit de l'environnement | déboisement | négociation internationale | pays en développement | protection de
l'environnement | réduction des émissions de gaz | surveillance de l'environnement | transport aérien | transport
maritime | utilisation des terres
Résumé This report provides an overview of the development of the negotiations within the UNFCCC since COP 15 in
Copenhagen. It summarises the key developments in 2010 and provides short overviews for all negotiation areas. The
overview also includes a state of play of the Copenhagen Accord and explains the position of the main Parties and
negotiation groups. It is supplemented by short overviews for individual countries and stakeholder groups.
Étude EN
Main issues at stake for the Convention on biological diversity COP10
Type de publicationAnalyse approfondie
Date 04-10-2010
Auteur externe ECORYS Netherlands BV – Energy and Environment Group
Domaine politique Environnement
Mot-clé biodiversité | changement climatique | conférence internationale | convention internationale | coopération internationale
| exploitation des ressources | pollution | utilisation des terres | écosystème
Résumé The 10th meeting of the Conference of the Parties (COP) to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) takes place
in Nagoya, Japan, from October 18-29, 2010. It coincides with the UN proclaimed International Year on Biodiversity
and marks a watershed in the history of the Convention with the aim to set out a strategic plan for the next decade and
a long term vision for 2050. This policy brief provides an update on the status of the CBD and main issues at stake for
COP 10. It includes a short history of the CBD, an overview and analysis of the main issues, namely; a strategic plan
and targets; a protocol on access and benefit-sharing; financing mechanisms; institutional interlinkages; and
knowledge on biodiversity and ecosystems. The text explains the background of each issue and the positions of key
countries, country groupings and other stakeholders.
Analyse approfondie EN
Le rôle des collectivités locales dans la lutte contre les disparités sociales
Type de publication Étude
Date 15-05-2009
Auteur externe Peter Schneidewind (Metis GmbH), Hannes Wimmer (Metis GmbH), Tony Kinsella (Expert for Metis GmbH), Szabolcs
Klubuk (Metis GmbH) and Christoph Gollner (Assistant researcher of Metis GmbH)
Domaine politique Développement régional | Politique sociale
Mot-clé collectivité locale | dialogue social (UE) | disparité régionale | décentralisation | politique culturelle | politique de
l'environnement | politique des transports | politique du logement | relation ville-campagne | service social | utilisation
des terres
Résumé La présente étude fournit une analyse critique des compétences des collectivités locales, de leurs instruments et de
leur rôle dans la lutte contre les disparités sociales. Elle présente une description générale de la variété des structures
des collectivités locales dans toute l’UE et se penche ensuite sur la manière dont lesdites collectivités relèvent certains
défis politiques spécifiques. Cette recherche est illustrée au moyen d’études de cas portant sur 13 collectivités locales
différentes, les défis qu’elles rencontrent, leurs priorités, leurs approches et leurs besoins. Le document tente de
recenser des facteurs communs influant sur la réussite ou l’échec de ces approches et propose des solutions
envisageables.
Étude DE, EL, EN, FR
Résumé exécutif BG, ES, CS, DA, DE, ET, EN, FR, IT, LV, LT, HU, MT, NL, PL, PT, RO, SK, SL, FI, SV
05-03-2022 Source : © Union européenne, 2022 - PE 7Implications of Global Trends in Eating Habits for Climate Change, Health and Natural Resources
Type de publicationÉtude
Date 15-04-2009
Auteur externe Conrad CASPARI, Maria CHRISTODOULOU, John NGANGA and Mariana RICCI (Agra CEAS Consulting)
Domaine politique Agriculture et développement rural | Environnement | Protection des consommateurs | Santé publique
Mot-clé agriculture durable | conservation des ressources | consommation alimentaire | demande de consommation | habitude
alimentaire | maladie de la nutrition | pays en développement | reconversion lait-viande | utilisation des terres | viande
Résumé The study outlines the contribution of livestock production to climate change and health risks associated w i t h high
meat consumption. The natural resources required to produce animalbased and plant-based protein are contrasted
and diets with different levels of both types of protein compared. Using world population projections, three scenarios
based on different theoretical alternative consumption patterns are created to show possible requirements and
greenhouse gas emissions for animal and plant protein production: “minimal” scenario (assumes consumption of
animal protein only via milk and eggs); “optimal” scenario (assuming diets with a low meat intake) and “maximum”
(baseline) scenario (current level of meat consumption extended to developing countries). Comments are made on
alternative protein sources. Policy options are suggested.
Étude EN
Briefing Note on UNFCCC – COP 14 in Poznan (December 2008)
Type de publication Analyse approfondie
Date 14-11-2008
Auteur externe Noriko Fujiwara (Research Fellow Centre for European Policy Studies - CEPS, Brussels, Belgium)
with the contribution of Monica Alessi (CEPS), Christian Egenhofer (CEPS) and Anton Georgiev (CEPS)
Domaine politique Agriculture et développement rural | Environnement
Mot-clé changement climatique | convention ONU | coopération environnementale | déboisement | politique forestière |
réduction des émissions de gaz | réunion internationale | transfert de technologie | utilisation des terres
Résumé Executive summary
Ahead of the Poznań Conference (COP14, CMP4) in December there are four key issues or ‘hot topics’: i) sectoral
approaches; ii) Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) and Land Use, Land Use Change and Forestry (LULUCF); iii)
Reducing Emissions from Deforestation in Developing Countries (REDD); and iv) financing and development. [...]
Analyse approfondie EN
Energy and Climate Change in Russia
Type de publication Analyse approfondie
Date 22-07-2008
Auteur externe Joana Chiavari and Marc Pallemaerts Institute for
International and European Environmental Policy
(IEEP), Brussels
Domaine politique Affaires étrangères | Environnement | Énergie
Mot-clé changement climatique | permis de pollution négociable | production d'énergie | relation de l'Union européenne |
rendement énergétique | Russie | réduction des émissions de gaz | utilisation des terres | énergie renouvelable
Analyse approfondie EN
Biofuels sustainability criteria. Relevant issues to the proposed directive on the promotion of the use of
energy from renewable sources {COM(2008) 30 final}
Type de publication Étude
Date 16-06-2008
Auteur externe Francis X. Johnson and Mikael Roman with contributions from Roel Hammerschlag, Carrie Lee and Adriaan Tas
(Stockholm Environment Institute)
Domaine politique Agriculture et développement rural | Environnement | Énergie
Mot-clé biocarburant | biomasse | déboisement | développement durable | gaz à effet de serre | utilisation des terres
Résumé The role envisioned for liquid biofuels for transport has come under increased scrutiny in the past year or two, due to
the potential social and environmental impacts associated with scaling up biofuels production and use from its low
level—currently representing about 1% of transport fuels globally. The proposed EU Directive setting a target of 10%
biofuels in transport sector by 2020 has therefore raised a number of concerns. The concerns about sustainability are
addressed within the proposed Directive through criteria related mainly to GHG emissions, but also to biodiversity and
other environmental impacts.
The use of first generation biofuels in temperate climates is land-intensive and inefficient in technical terms, whereas
first generation biofuels in tropical climates and second generation biofuels in general—offer a much more effective
use of land resources. The use of GHG reduction criteria can provide incentives for producers to rely on the most
productive feedstocks when sourcing biofuels for the EU market, which will often mean import of biofuels. A threshold
of 50% or more would tend to eliminate many of the first generation biofuels produced in temperate climates.
Member States should be encouraged to link financial incentives to the GHG reduction capabilities. Moreover, such
incentives could be better linked to development cooperation in the case of imports, so as to insure that Least
Developed Countries (i.e. in Africa) can gain access to larger markets rather than only the major producers such as
Brazil.
The calculation of GHG emissions associated with biofuels is complicated by the addition of factors associated with
land use change, since the GHG impacts of land use change are beset by uncertainty both in physical terms as well as
in the attribution of particular changes to production of particular biofuels. A further complication is introduced when
indirect land use changes are incorporated, since these occur through combinations of mar
Étude EN
05-03-2022 Source : © Union européenne, 2022 - PE 8Administrative Costs for Farmers and Forests Owners with Lands in Natura 2000 Areas
Type de publication Étude
Date 19-05-2008
Auteur externe Mrs Isabel Naylon,
Metis GmbH1, Vienna, Austria
Mr Bernd Schuh
ÖIR-Managementdienste GmbH, Vienna, Austria
Domaine politique Agriculture et développement rural | Environnement
Mot-clé biodiversité | impact sur l'environnement | lutte contre la pollution | politique agricole commune | politique de
l'environnement de l'UE | responsabilité des dommages environnementaux | utilisation des terres
Résumé The establishment of the NATURA 2000 network of classified territories has resulted in a number of new administrative
tasks for the farmers and landowners in the designated sites. The study provides an overview of the types of
administrative costs incurred through legislation, four short case studies of additional obligations and restrictions in four
Member States, and a proposal for a cost model integrating the supplementary administrative costs falling on farmers
and landowners in NATURA 2000 sites.
Étude EN
The competition between food crops and non food crops for energy : what are the effects on agricultural
structures and on the use of land ?
Type de publication Étude
Date 15-05-2008
Auteur externe Luigi Vannini, Maurizio Aragrande, Massimo Canali, Gianluca Macchi, Areté Srl, Mauro Bruni, Enrica Gentile,
Francesco Vanni and Alberico Loi (Dipartimento di Economia ed Ingegneria Agrarie - DEIAGRA, Università di Bologna,
Italy)
Domaine politique Agriculture et développement rural | Environnement | Industrie | Énergie
Mot-clé biocarburant | biodiversité | culture énergétique | industrie alimentaire | politique agricole commune | production
alimentaire | structure agricole | utilisation des terres
Résumé This study examines the effects of the EU biofuel policy on European agriculture. The requirements in terms of
feedstock and arable land of the EU biofuel targets have been evaluated by assuming scenarios of different price
levels for agricultural commodities and the possibility of the EU biofuel industry to be alternatively supplied by
European crops or through import. The research has also investigated the technical adaptation of agricultural holdings,
the consequences of the prospective CAP changes, and the impact on the EU food industry and on the environment
(land resources, biodiversity, GHG balances, sustainable feedstock production).
Executive summary
The start of the EU biofuel policy in 2003 - with the provision of incorporation targets and fiscal incentives - has
encouraged a remarkable expansion of the European biofuel industry in both the biodiesel and the bioethanol sectors,
and an equally significant growth of production capacity is also expected in the short-medium term. These changes
have involved the main world competitors, which in the past (Brazil) or more recently (US), launched aggressive biofuel
policies. These developments have activated an additional demand for agricultural commodities together with an
increased competition between the food and agro-energy sectors for the use of land resources. However, increasing
demand in the agricultural markets may make feedstock prices rise at levels that might hinder the progress of the
biofuel industry and the fulfilment of the incorporation targets. In addition, the rise in the price of oil is creating cross
effects between oil, biofuel production and the agricultural markets, which are critical for agriculture and food supplies.
The potential impacts of competition between food and non-food uses of land are analysed through a simulation model
by assuming the EU 2010 target of 5.75% incorporation of biofuels as a short-medium term perspective, and the 2020
target of 10% as a long term perspective.
Étude EN
Certification Schemes for Biofuels – Focus on Brazil
Type de publication Briefing
Date 30-04-2008
Auteur externe ProForest, United Kingdom
Domaine politique Agriculture et développement rural | Environnement | Énergie
Mot-clé agriculture durable | biocarburant | Brésil | certification forestière | culture énergétique | production d'énergie | utilisation
des terres
Résumé This note provides some sustainability criteria in order to develop certification schemes of biofuels: e.g. social and
environmental criteria at the production stage; accreditation and certification process requirements; and supply chain
mechanisms (traceability).
Briefing EN
05-03-2022 Source : © Union européenne, 2022 - PE 9The Impacts of Biofuels on the Environment and on Food Security in Brazil
Type de publication Analyse approfondie
Date 30-04-2008
Auteur externe Mr Leo Peskett1
Overseas Development Institute
Domaine politique Agriculture et développement rural | Environnement | Sécurité des aliments | Énergie
Mot-clé aménagement hydroagricole | biocarburant | Brésil | culture énergétique | protection du sol | utilisation des terres
Résumé This note analyzes the impacts of biofuels on the environment and on food security in Brazil. The Brazilian biofuels
industry is a world leader and currently 40% of vehicle come from ethanol from cane. Since 1990 over 42 M Ha of
Brazilian forest have been lost but it cannot be on account of biofuel. In other hand, there is little evidence that biofuels
cause hunger: prices of most food in Brazil have been falling compared to the general price since 1994. In addition, the
biofuel industry provides jobs to 800.000 persons at wages above the average in farming.
Analyse approfondie EN
Workshop Sustainability criteria for Biofuels Brussels, 4 March 2008
Type de publication Étude
Date 18-03-2008
Auteur externe Greg Archer (Low Carbon Vehicle Partnership)
Nigel Mortimer (Royal Society, UK)
Bas Eickhout (Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency)
Berien Elbersen (Wageningen University and Research Centre, NL)
Alan Bond (School of Environmental Sciences, UK)
Neil Judd (ProForest, UK)
Domaine politique Agriculture et développement rural | Environnement | Énergie
Mot-clé biocarburant | biodiversité | biomasse | culture énergétique | développement durable | gaz à effet de serre | utilisation
des terres
Étude EN
An Overview of global Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Emissions Reduction Scenarios for the Future
Type de publication Analyse approfondie
Date 19-02-2008
Auteur externe Jason Anderson, Malcolm Fergusson and Carolina Valsecchi
Institute for European Environmental Policy (IEEP)
Domaine politique Environnement | Industrie | Énergie
Mot-clé Agence internationale de l'énergie | combustible fossile | gaz à effet de serre | rendement énergétique | réduction des
émissions de gaz | technologie énergétique | utilisation de l'énergie | utilisation des terres | énergie électrique
Analyse approfondie EN
How to Increase the Use of Biomass in an Enlarged Europe
Type de publication Étude
Date 01-03-2005
Auteur externe Dr. Ludger Eltrop, Dr. Marlies Härdtlein, Dr. Manfred Vohrer, Institute for Energy Economics and the Rational Use of
Energy - IER, University of Stuttgart, Germany.
Domaine politique Agriculture et développement rural | Environnement | Politique de recherche | Énergie
Mot-clé approvisionnement énergétique | biocarburant | biomasse | bioénergie | permis de pollution négociable | politique
agricole commune | production d'énergie | recherche et développement | utilisation des terres | énergie renouvelable
Étude EN
The Consequences of Enlargement for EU Agriculture
Type de publication Étude
Date 01-10-2001
Auteur externe Dr. Dimitris Papaioannou (Integrated Environmental Management, Athens, Greece)
Domaine politique Affaires économiques et monétaires | Agriculture et développement rural | Droit démocratique, institutionnel et
parlementaire de l''Union | Environnement | Politique sociale
Mot-clé analyse économique | développement rural | harmonisation des normes | main-d'œuvre agricole | marché agricole de
l'UE | politique agricole commune | production agricole | utilisation des terres | élargissement de l'UE | équilibre
écologique
Résumé The significant structural changes that have been occurring in rural Europe, especially since the beginning of the last
decade, involve the declining role of agriculture, the enhancement of structural development policies, the diversification
of rural labour markets and the increasing importance of environmental issues. EU enlargement is going to create
both pressure and opportunities in existing EU Member States and accession counties.
Étude EN
05-03-2022 Source : © Union européenne, 2022 - PE 10Vous pouvez aussi lire
