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Liste des publications du Think Tank du PE
https://www.europarl.europa.eu/thinktank
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Mot-clé "crise politique"
36 Résultat(s) trouvé(s)
Date de création : 04-09-2022Political crisis in Guinea
Type de publicationEn bref
Date 15-09-2021
Auteur ZAMFIR Ionel
Domaine politique Affaires étrangères
Mot-clé aide au développement | coup d'État | crise politique | droits de l'homme | démocratie | Guinée | régime autoritaire |
répression | rôle international de l'UE | élection présidentielle
Résumé On 5 September, a coup perpetrated by the military removed the President of Guinea, Alpha Condé, from power. The
president was less than one year into his third term, obtained after a much-contested constitutional amendment. Under
Condé, the administration yielded disappointing economic results and he was increasingly perceived as an
authoritarian ruler who handled his opponents and critics with harsh repressiveness.
En bref EN
A second chance for Armenia after elections?
Type de publicationEn bref
Date 12-07-2021
Auteur RUSSELL Martin
Domaine politique Affaires étrangères
Mot-clé Arménie | Azerbaïdjan | cessez-le-feu | corruption | crise politique | guerre | maladie à coronavirus | rapport | élection
parlementaire | épidémie
Résumé The 2018 Velvet Revolution installed Nikol Pashinyan as prime minister of Armenia. By 2020, Pashinyan's reform
drive, already running out of momentum, hit two major obstacles: the coronavirus pandemic and, above all, a brief but
disastrous war with Azerbaijan. Despite the trauma of defeat, in June 2021 voters gave Pashinyan a second chance, in
elections seen as a positive sign for the country's future.
En bref EN
Georgia's bumpy road to democracy: On track for a European future?
Type de publicationBriefing
Date 27-05-2021
Auteur RUSSELL Martin
Domaine politique Affaires étrangères
Mot-clé accord d'association (UE) | adhésion à l'Union européenne | crise politique | démocratie | géopolitique | Géorgie |
occupation militaire | OTAN | Partenariat oriental | rapport | Russie | État de droit
Résumé Georgia is often considered a frontrunner among Eastern Partnership countries. Despite Russia's continued de facto
occupation of one-fifth of the country's territory, until recently Georgia performed relatively well in terms of political
stability, pluralism and economic growth. The country is staunchly pro-Western, with aspirations to join both the EU
and NATO. Like Ukraine and Moldova, Georgia signed an association agreement with the EU in 2014. The agreement
envisages a free trade area, as well as economic and political reforms that will result in far-reaching integration
between Georgia and the EU. Despite this overall positive picture and Georgia's close partnership with the EU, there
are many concerns about the country's progress towards democracy and the rule of law. Problems are highlighted by a
political crisis, which escalated in November 2020 after opposition politicians claimed that the ruling Georgian Dream
party had rigged parliamentary elections, and decided to boycott the parliament. The crisis reflects the longer-standing
issue of excessive concentration of power, weakening many of the checks and balances that are necessary for a
healthy democracy. Despite reform efforts, institutions that are supposed to be independent of the executive have
become subservient to the often opaque interests of the ruling party. EU mediation is helping to resolve the stand-off
between government and opposition, but the political landscape is still highly polarised.
Briefing EN
Controversial legislative elections in Venezuela
Type de publicationBriefing
Date 21-12-2020
Auteur GOMEZ RAMIREZ Enrique
Domaine politique Affaires étrangères
Mot-clé consultation publique | crise politique | démocratie | nullité d'une élection | opposition politique | situation politique |
Venezuela | élection parlementaire | élection présidentielle | État de droit
Résumé The mandate of the Venezuelan National Assembly, democratically elected in 2015, comes to an end on 5 January
2021; to renew it, the Maduro government called new legislative elections for 6 December 2020. While the government
tightened its grip on power to secure a favourable outcome for itself, including through the appointment of a new
electoral council, the opposition-led National Assembly presided by Juan Guaidó insisted on holding free and fair
presidential and legislative elections with recognised international observers. The main opposition parties boycotted
the 6 December elections – which were also ignored by at least 70 % of eligible voters – and held an alternative public
consultation from 7 to 12 December, which resulted in a slightly higher turnout. The opposition described the elections
as fraudulent, claiming that they had not met the minimum democratic requirements to qualify as free, fair and
transparent. This position was shared by international players such as the European Union, the United States, the
Organisation of American States and the Lima Group. Though the outlook of the Venezuelan crisis remains uncertain,
there is still hope for a negotiated solution.
Briefing EN
04-09-2022 Source : © Union européenne, 2022 - PE 1Thailand: from coup to crisis
Type de publicationEn bref
Date 06-11-2020
Auteur RUSSELL Martin
Domaine politique Affaires étrangères
Mot-clé accord de coopération (UE) | coup d'État | crise politique | droits de l'homme | monarchie parlementaire | régime
militaire | révision de la constitution | Thaïlande
Résumé Thailand is a constitutional monarchy with a history of political instability, alternating between military rule and unstable
civilian governments. The latest in a long series of military coups was in 2014. In 2019, the junta handed over power to
a nominally civilian government led by former army chief Prayuth Chan-ocha. Protestors are now demanding his
resignation and constitutional reforms to end the military's control of Thai politics.
En bref EN
Another revolution in Kyrgyzstan?
Type de publicationEn bref
Date 22-10-2020
Auteur RUSSELL Martin
Domaine politique Affaires étrangères
Mot-clé corruption | crise politique | démocratie | Kirghizstan | partis politiques | vérification du scrutin | élection parlementaire |
élection présidentielle
Résumé Kyrgyzstan is the only ex-Soviet Central Asian country to have achieved a measure of democracy, but it is also highly
volatile. Massive protests broke out after irregularities in the October 2020 parliamentary elections, toppling the
government. Ex-convict, Sadyr Japarov, is now the country's prime minister and acting president. New parliamentary
and presidential elections are planned for December 2020 and January 2021.
En bref EN
Soutien à la démocratie en Biélorussie
Type de publicationEn bref
Date 14-10-2020
Auteur PRZETACZNIK Jakub
Domaine politique Affaires étrangères
Mot-clé Biélorussie | chef d'État | chef de l'opposition | crise politique | démocratie | fraude électorale | mesure restrictive de
l'UE | société civile | élection présidentielle
Résumé L’élection présidentielle d’août 2020 en Biélorussie s’est déroulée en violation flagrante de toutes les normes
reconnues au niveau international, des principes démocratiques et des valeurs européennes. L’Union européenne se
tient aux côtés des millions de Biélorusses qui ont décidé de s’opposer au régime d’Alexandre Loukachenko. Le
Parlement européen devrait mettre aux voix un projet de recommandation sur les relations avec la Biélorussie lors de
la période de session d’octobre II.
En bref ES, DE, EN, FR, IT, PL
Mali: The coup and its consequences
Type de publication En bref
Date 04-09-2020
Auteur PICHON Eric
Domaine politique Affaires étrangères
Mot-clé contentieux électoral | coup d'État | crise politique | Mali | politique étrangère et de sécurité commune
Résumé On 18 August 2020, a group of mutinying soldiers from the Malian army arrested President Ibrahim Boubakar Keita
and forced him to resign and dissolve the government and National Assembly. Although the putschists promised to
organise elections and reinstate the constitutional order, no clear path for transition emerged from the discussions with
the West African regional authority, ECOWAS. The coup risks further destabilising the Sahel and challenges the EU
strategy in the region.
En bref EN
04-09-2022 Source : © Union européenne, 2022 - PE 2Belarus on the brink
Type de publicationEn bref
Date 25-08-2020
Auteur BENTZEN Naja
Domaine politique Affaires étrangères
Mot-clé Biélorussie | censure | crise politique | fraude électorale | géopolitique | opposition politique | Russie | régime autoritaire
| répression | violence d'État | élection présidentielle
Résumé As usual in Belarus, the 9 August presidential election was marred by fraud, repression and state violence against the
opposition. As expected, the long-standing President, Aleksander Lukashenko, claimed a landslide victory. What was
unusual this time, however, was the scale of Belarusians' disappointment: peaceful protests and strikes spread
throughout the entire country in response to the stolen election, despite brutal crackdowns. What started as a national
crisis now represents a wider struggle between truth and lies, democracy and autocracy, raising the stakes for both
Minsk and Moscow, whose nervousness has spilled over into mounting aggression.
En bref EN
Outcome of the European Council video-conference of 19 August 2020
Type de publicationEn bref
Date 25-08-2020
Auteur DRACHENBERG Ralf
Domaine politique Démocratie
Mot-clé Biélorussie | coup d'État | crise politique | démocratie | forage en mer | fraude électorale | Mali | Turquie |
téléconférence | violence d'État | élection présidentielle | État de droit
Résumé The European Council video-conference meeting of 19 August 2020 was called by the President of the European
Council, Charles Michel, due to the increasingly worrying situation in Belarus after the recent national elections. As
Ursula von der Leyen, President of the European Commission, summarised, the European Council decided to convey
three clear messages from the meeting: i) the EU stands with the Belarussian people; ii) the EU will place sanctions on
all those responsible for violence, repression and the falsification of election results; and iii) the EU is ready to
accompany the peaceful democratic transition of power in Belarus. While mainly focusing on Belarus, the Heads of
State or Government also discussed two further issues during the video-conference meeting. First, as regards the
tense situation in the eastern Mediterranean as a result of increasingly hostile Turkish activity, the European Council
expressed its full solidarity with Greece and Cyprus, recalling and reaffirming its previous conclusions on the illegal
drilling activities, and called for de-escalation. Second, on the situation in Mali, EU leaders expressed their deep
concern over the events in the country, which have a destabilising impact on the entire region and on the fight against
terrorism, and called for an immediate release of prisoners and restoration of the rule of law.
En bref EN
Hong Kong: une loi sur la sécurité imposée par Pékin?
Type de publicationEn bref
Date 11-06-2020
Auteur GRIEGER Gisela
Domaine politique Affaires étrangères
Mot-clé accord international | autonomie | Chine | constitution | crise politique | extradition | Hong Kong | Royaume-Uni | régime
autoritaire | répression | violence d'État | État de droit
Résumé Le 28 mai 2020, le Congrès national du peuple (CNP) de la République populaire de Chine a autorisé son Comité
permanent à adopter une loi sur la sécurité nationale à Hong Kong, sans passer par le Conseil législatif, l’organe
parlementaire de la ville. La loi, qui devrait entrer en vigueur avant les élections législatives de Hong Kong, prévues en
septembre 2020, pourrait représenter un tournant au regard du «degré élevé d’autonomie» dont bénéficie la ville et
une mise en œuvre prématurée du processus de suppression progressive du modèle «un pays, deux systèmes», qui
devait perdurer 50 ans à compter de 1997. Lors de la période de session de juin, le Parlement européen devrait
débattre au sujet d’une déclaration du haut représentant.
En bref ES, EN, FR, IT, PL
04-09-2022 Source : © Union européenne, 2022 - PE 3The EU and multilateral conflict management: The case of the Central African Republic
Type de publicationBriefing
Date 10-06-2020
Auteur PICHON Eric
Domaine politique Affaires étrangères
Mot-clé aide au développement | crise politique | instauration de la paix | politique étrangère et de sécurité commune | relation
multilatérale | République centrafricaine | rôle international de l'UE | violence politique
Résumé The EU supports multilateralism in the furtherance of peace and security, acting as a partner to both the United
Nations and regional organisations in the effort to prevent violent conflicts, mitigate their consequences and aid long-
term recovery. A significant share of EU development cooperation is dedicated to fragile and conflict-afflicted countries
or areas whose populations suffer prolonged humanitarian crises. One such country, the Central African Republic
(CAR), ranks second last in the Human Development Index and has been confronted with a complex emergency
requiring a multi-faceted response. The country remains profoundly affected by the violent upheaval that displaced a
quarter of its population and decimated its economy in 2013. Multiple armed groups control or contest about 80 % of
the national territory, benefiting from illicit activities and the lucrative circulation of arms, fighters and natural resources
across porous borders, as the state builds up institutions that have traditionally held little sway outside the capital
Bangui. The EU – the country's biggest donor – is part of a dense UN-led network of external actors committed to
supporting the government and the national partners in the pursuit of peace among the parties to the conflict. No
previous peace accord has been the object of so much effort from the international community as the political
agreement brokered in February 2019 in Khartoum. Its tenuous implementation has reduced overall levels of insecurity
without winning all hearts and minds. The EU has developed a particular synergy with the UN on security sector
reform. As the CAR prepares for political wrangling at the ballot box in 2020, the EU will, at a pivotal moment, launch a
new civilian Advisory Mission (EUAM RCA) alongside the existing military Training Mission (EUTM RCA).
Briefing EN
Georgia: Challenges and uncertainties for 2020
Type de publication En bref
Date 04-03-2020
Auteur BENTZEN Naja
Domaine politique Affaires étrangères
Mot-clé accord d'association (UE) | blanchiment d'argent | crise politique | Géorgie | indépendance de la justice | occupation
militaire | opposition politique | Partenariat oriental | Russie | réforme politique | réforme électorale
Résumé Georgia is gearing up for parliamentary elections in October 2020. The 'Georgian Dream' party, in charge since 2012,
has strived to implement the reforms called for in the Association Agreement with the EU. However, the government
has failed to fulfil its promise on electoral reforms and is facing mounting opposition. The High Representative (HR/VP)
is expected to make a statement on Georgia during the March I plenary part-session.
En bref EN
Continuing political crisis in Venezuela
Type de publication En bref
Date 03-03-2020
Auteur GOMEZ RAMIREZ Enrique
Domaine politique Affaires étrangères
Mot-clé crise politique | droits de l'homme | démocratie | Venezuela | élection présidentielle
Résumé One year after Juan Guaidó's self-proclamation as interim President of Venezuela, the political crisis affecting the
country is far from over, as shown by the government's latest failed attempt to neutralise the opposition forces in the
National Assembly. The legislative election announced by Nicolas Maduro for 2020 will not improve the country's
political situation unless it is accompanied by a free and fair presidential election.
En bref EN
Brexit: Make or break? [What Think Tanks are thinking]
Type de publicationBriefing
Date 04-10-2019
Auteur CESLUK-GRAJEWSKI Marcin
Domaine politique Droit démocratique, institutionnel et parlementaire de l''Union
Mot-clé club de réflexion | crise politique | frontière extérieure de l'UE | frontière intérieure de l'UE | Irlande du Nord | pays tiers
| rapport | retrait de l’UE | Royaume-Uni
Résumé The British Prime Minister, Boris Johnson, has presented a draft text to replace the 'Irish backstop', with the aim of
reaching agreement with the other 27 EU leaders on the United Kingdom's orderly withdrawal from the EU in the
coming weeks. While the UK withdrawal is currently scheduled for 31 October, the UK Parliament has adopted
legislation obliging Johnson to seek a delay in that date, if no deal is reached by 19 October. But with British politics in
turmoil, it remains unclear if the Prime Minister will comply, or, if he does, whether the EU will agree. Economists warn
that the UK's disorderly departure from the EU is likely to have damaging consequences for supply chains in trade and
production, transport, the supply of medicines and many other areas. This note offers links to a series of most recent
commentaries and reports from major international think tanks and research institutes on Brexit.
Briefing EN
04-09-2022 Source : © Union européenne, 2022 - PE 4Venezuela: The standoff continues
Type de publicationEn bref
Date 12-04-2019
Auteur GOMEZ RAMIREZ Enrique
Domaine politique Affaires étrangères | Développement et aide humanitaire
Mot-clé aide humanitaire | censure | crise politique | droits de l'homme | opposition politique | politique étrangère et de sécurité
commune | répression | rôle international de l'UE | Venezuela | violence d'État
Résumé Three months since Juan Guaido declared himself interim president of Venezuela and won official recognition from
over 50 countries, his standoff with Nicolás Maduro continues, as the Chavista regime steps up its pressure on the
opposition. The outcome is uncertain, but some progress has been made on the humanitarian front.
En bref EN
Venezuela [What Think Tanks are thinking]
Type de publication En bref
Date 01-03-2019
Auteur CESLUK-GRAJEWSKI Marcin
Domaine politique Affaires étrangères
Mot-clé club de réflexion | crise politique | politique étrangère et de sécurité commune | rapport | résolution PE | Venezuela
Résumé The situation in Venezuela appears to be approaching a tipping-point, as President Nicolas Maduro faces growing
international and domestic pressure to relinquish power to National Assembly leader and self-proclaimed acting
President Juan Guaidó. The latter is recognised by many Western countries as the legitimate interim leader of the oil-
rich Latin American country, which has seen its economy undermined by mismanagement and corruption. Maduro,
political heir to Hugo Chávez, is backed by China, Russia and the country’s military. He has recently ordered troops to
block the opposition’s US-backed attempt to bring in aid to the country, leading to violent clashes. To date, some 3.4
million Venezuelans have left the country to escape the crisis. The European Parliament has already adopted a non-
binding resolution that recognised Juan Guaidó as the legitimate interim President of Venezuela. This note offers links
to recent commentaries, studies and reports from major international think tanks on the situation in Venezuela .
En bref EN
Venezuela: An unexpected turn of events
Type de publicationEn bref
Date 07-02-2019
Auteur GOMEZ RAMIREZ Enrique
Domaine politique Affaires étrangères
Mot-clé aide humanitaire | chef d'État | crise politique | opposition politique | politique étrangère et de sécurité commune |
relation diplomatique | répression | rôle international de l'UE | sanction internationale | Venezuela
Résumé The election of Juan Guaidó as president of the National Assembly and his subsequent self-proclamation as interim
President of Venezuela has brought an unexpected turn to political events in the country and revived hopes for change
both at home and abroad. Not only has Guaidó rallied massive popular support among Venezuelans, he has also
obtained official recognition from the USA and most countries in the region. The European Parliament and 19 EU
Member States have also recognised Guaidó as the legitimate interim President.
En bref EN
Algérie et Union européenne : Défis avant les élections
Type de publicationBriefing
Date 05-12-2018
Auteur PERCHOC Philippe
Domaine politique Affaires étrangères
Mot-clé Algérie | changement climatique | crise politique | droits de l'homme | droits politiques | jeune | migration | terrorisme |
transport transfrontalier | élection présidentielle
Résumé L’Algérie est à la veille d’une élection cruciale pour son avenir en avril 2019. Le pays a certes mené des réformes
constitutionnelles de façon à répondre au contexte des printemps arabes dans la région, mais la possibilité d’un
cinquième mandat pour le Président Bouteflika reste l’incertitude cardinale qui plane sur le pays. Le président, affaibli
par l’âge et une santé fragile, reste le ciment du système politique algérien après la terrible guerre civile des années
1990. Dans ce contexte, l’équation algérienne reste complexe et trois inconnues (jeunesse, climat et migrations)
peuvent façonner les perspectives de court et moyen termes. La jeunesse algérienne est nombreuse et son inclusion
sur le marché du travail nécessite une croissance continue. Aujourd’hui, elle reste relativement désinvestie du système
politique algérien et ses préférences restent méconnues. Le réchauffement climatique est une seconde inconnue: il
aura des conséquences majeures sur le territoire et devrait pousser la population algérienne, mais aussi, plus
largement, sahélienne, à rejoindre les villes côtières, nécessitant d’investir dans un urbanisme durable et des services
publics adaptés. Enfin, les dynamiques démographiques, algériennes et en Algérie par le jeu des migrations, forment
un défi important pour l’avenir. Ces questionnements replacent l’Algérie dans son environnement régional où elle joue
un rôle central à la fois dans le conflit au Sahara occidental, relativement à la Libye et au Sahel. L’Algérie est aussi un
partenaire crucial dans la lutte contre le terrorisme international. La situation économique du pays reste à surveiller: en
effet, les variations des prix de l’énergie mettent l’économie algérienne sous tension. Les autorités algériennes
affirment la nécessité de réformes mais ces dernières sont complexes à mener quand l’Etat fait face à des baisses de
revenus. L’Union européenne est le principal partenaire commercial de l’Algérie et l’Accord d’association offre un
cadre pour l’approfondissement de ces relations. Récemment, les deux partenaires ont ouvert un débat sur les
barrières tariffaires algériennes qui paraissent ne pas aller dans la bonne direction.
Briefing EN, FR
04-09-2022 Source : © Union européenne, 2022 - PE 5Brazil ahead of the 2018 elections
Type de publicationBriefing
Date 05-10-2018
Auteur GRIEGER Gisela
Domaine politique Affaires étrangères | Démocratie
Mot-clé Brésil | conflit social | crise politique | relation bilatérale | récession économique | Union européenne | violence |
élection présidentielle
Résumé On 7 October 2018, about 147 million Brazilians will go to the polls to choose a new president, new governors and new
members of the bicameral National Congress and state legislatures. If, as expected, none of the presidential
candidates gains over 50 % of votes, a run-off between the two best-performing presidential candidates is scheduled
to take place on 28 October 2018. Brazil's severe and protracted political, economic, social and public-security crisis
has created a complex and polarised political climate that makes the election outcome highly unpredictable. Pollsters
show that voters have lost faith in a discredited political elite and that only anti-establishment outsiders not embroiled in
large-scale corruption scandals and entrenched clientelism would truly match voters' preferences. However, there is a
huge gap between voters' strong demand for a radical political renewal based on new faces, and the dramatic shortage
of political newcomers among the candidates. Voters' disillusionment with conventional politics and political institutions
has fuelled nostalgic preferences and is likely to prompt part of the electorate to shift away from centrist candidates
associated with policy continuity to candidates at the opposite sides of the party spectrum. Many less well-off voters
would have welcomed a return to office of former left-wing President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (2003-2010), who due to
a then booming economy, could run social programmes that lifted millions out of extreme poverty and who, barred by
Brazil's judiciary from running in 2018, has tried to transfer his high popularity to his much less-known replacement.
Another part of the electorate, appalled by growing public-security issues and endemic corruption, but also
disappointed with democracy more broadly, appears to be strongly attracted by the simple and unconventional
answers to complex challenges posed by far-right populist rhetoric. The latter – worryingly – glorifies Brazil's
dictatorship (1964-1985). As candidates with unorthodox political approaches appear to be an emerging norm,
Brazilians may opt for a populist turn as well. If so, EU-Brazil relations may become more complex in the future.
Briefing EN
Plenary round-up – Strasbourg, July 2018
Type de publicationEn bref
Date 06-07-2018
Auteur FERGUSON CLARE | SOCHACKA KATARZYNA
Domaine politique Affaires économiques et monétaires | Affaires étrangères | Agriculture et développement rural | Budget | Droit
démocratique, institutionnel et parlementaire de l''Union | Législation de l''Union: système et actes juridiques | Sécurité
et défense | Tourisme | Transports
Mot-clé Arménie | budget général (UE) | crise politique | droit électoral | Parlement européen | politique de l'UE en matière de
visas | politique de sécurité et de défense commune | session parlementaire | statistique agricole | transport routier |
Venezuela | épidémie
Résumé The July plenary session highlights were: the continuation of the debate on the Future of Europe, this time with the
Prime Minister of Poland, Mateusz Morawiecki, the discussion on the outcome of the European Council meeting of 28-
29 June 2018, and the review of the Bulgarian and presentation of the activities of the Austrian Presidencies. The
European Commission and Council participated in discussions on the Ebola outbreak in the Democratic Republic of
Congo. VP/HR Federica Mogherini's statement on the migration crisis and humanitarian situation in Venezuela and at
its borders was also discussed. Angola's President, João Manuel Gonçalves Lourenço, addressed Parliament in a
formal sitting. Parliament approved, inter alia, proposals for a European Travel Information and Authorisation System,
a European Defence Industrial Development Programme, financial rules applicable to the general EU budget and two
amending budgets for 2018. Parliament agreed on the conclusion of a partnership agreement between the EU and
Armenia and approved the reform of the electoral law of the EU. Three reports on the social and market aspects of the
first mobility package were rejected and sent back to the Transport and Tourism Committee.
En bref EN
The political crisis in Venezuela
Type de publicationBriefing
Date 07-12-2017
Auteur GOMEZ RAMIREZ Enrique
Domaine politique Affaires étrangères
Mot-clé crise politique | liberté d'opinion | opposition politique | parlement national | pénurie alimentaire | ressortissant de l'UE |
rôle international de l'UE | situation politique | situation sociale | situation économique | société civile | taux de change |
Venezuela
Résumé In December 2015, the results of elections to the Venezuelan National Assembly saw the Democratic Unity
Roundtable coalition (MUD) prevail by a wide majority over the ruling Socialist Unified Party of Venezuela (PSUV) of
President Nicolás Maduro. Since then, Venezuela has faced increasing political crisis. Initiatives by the duly elected
Parliament have been systematically blocked, first by the Supreme Court of Justice (TSJ) and the National Electoral
Council, and since August 2017 by the new National Constituent Assembly, which has taken over most of the
Parliament's legislative powers. Two attempts at dialogue between the Venezuelan government and the opposition,
promoted by international mediators, have so far failed to break the deadlock. The economic and social situation in the
country is far from improving, and the number of Venezuelan asylum-seekers abroad has risen exponentially.
Nevertheless, regional elections were finally held on 15 October 2017 – with a PSUV victory in 17 of the 23
Venezuelan states, amid accusations of fraud from the opposition – and the government has promised to go ahead
with the presidential elections due in 2018. This is an update of a briefing published in October 2017.
Briefing EN
04-09-2022 Source : © Union européenne, 2022 - PE 62016 Enlargement package: Prospects for the Western Balkans
Type de publicationBriefing
Date 30-01-2017
Auteur LILYANOVA Velina
Domaine politique Affaires étrangères
Mot-clé Albanie | Bosnie-Herzégovine | coopération régionale | corruption | crise politique | Kosovo | liberté d'expression |
Macédoine du Nord | Monténégro | réforme administrative | réforme judiciaire | réforme économique | Serbie | société
civile | État de droit
Résumé In November 2016, the European Commission presented its annual enlargement package, consisting of a
communication that takes stock of the implementation of the 2015 multiannual strategy and a set of reports on the
Western Balkan countries and on Turkey in their capacity of candidates or potential candidates for EU membership.
Since 2015, the Commission has been applying a new reporting methodology aimed at enhanced transparency and
comparability among the aspirant countries. In 2016, it shifted the timeframe for publishing the next enlargement
package from the autumn of 2017 to the spring of 2018, to better align it with the release of the economic reform
programmes and the increased focus on economic governance. In 2016, the Commission continued prioritising
complex and long-term reforms as part of its 'fundamentals first' approach. Its main message was that enlargement
policy continued to deliver results and promote reforms, albeit slowly and unevenly. The EU's reconfirmed commitment
to the Western Balkan countries' accession processes was duly reflected in the Slovak Presidency programme, which
stressed the importance of enlargement policy for the EU's own political and economic stability. Amidst a host of
increasing complexities and declining public support, concerns have been raised that enlargement policy might be
side-lined. Thus, while the EU needs to keep up momentum, a significant part of the responsibility rests with the
countries themselves. The region needs political will to keep reforms on the agenda and deliver results. In this context,
regional cooperation and good neighbourly relations are once again brought to the fore as an indispensable means of
re-energising common reform priorities and maximising the benefits for the region.
Briefing EN
Iceland ahead of the parliamentary elections
Type de publication En bref
Date 26-10-2016
Auteur BENTZEN Naja
Domaine politique Affaires étrangères | Démocratie
Mot-clé crise monétaire | crise politique | Islande | partis politiques | élection parlementaire
Résumé The financial storm that swept Iceland in 2008 has had long-lasting effects on the country's domestic political climate.
Despite the remarkably speedy economic recovery, the post-crash political crisis has continued to evolve. New,
alternative political movements have mushroomed, and the anti-establishment Pirate Party is expecting a big boost in
the 29 October snap elections.
En bref EN
Montenegro ahead of the 2016 elections
Type de publication En bref
Date 13-10-2016
Auteur LILYANOVA Velina
Domaine politique Démocratie
Mot-clé crise politique | Monténégro | multipartisme | système électoral | élection parlementaire
Résumé On 11 July 2016, Montenegro's President Filip Vujanović announced that the next parliamentary elections would be
held on 16 October. They would be the tenth such elections since the introduction of the multiparty system in
Montenegro and the fourth since the country regained independence in 2006. Unlike the 2012 elections, those of 2016
will be held in a polarised political context following a series of events that have shaken up the political dynamics since
late 2015. For the first time in almost two decades, the ruling party has decided to run alone in the elections.
En bref EN
Tunisia: Political groups and parties
Type de publication En bref
Date 08-09-2016
Auteur APAP Joanna
Domaine politique Affaires étrangères
Mot-clé crise politique | démocratie | groupe politique | politique économique | répression | situation politique | Tunisie
Résumé In December 2010, a Tunisian street vendor set himself on fire in apparent protest against state repression and
systematic economic hardship, triggering a series of uprisings across Tunisia and the Middle East, commonly known
as the 'Arab Spring'. President Zine El Abidine Ben Ali, Tunisia's authoritarian leader since 1987, was forced out of
power after his government reverted to violence against demonstrators. Although the nascent democracy has been
praised internationally for its attempts to bring about reform, Tunisia's democratically elected parties have been facing
multiple challenges, such as economic difficulties, regional divisions and an unstable security situation coupled with
political rifts threatening to upset the country's political stability.
En bref EN
04-09-2022 Source : © Union européenne, 2022 - PE 7FYR Macedonia: A 'conditional' recommendation
Type de publication En bref
Date 02-03-2016
Auteur LILYANOVA Velina
Domaine politique Affaires étrangères
Mot-clé adhésion à l'Union européenne | condition socio-économique | corruption | crise politique | droits de l'homme |
démocratisation | Grèce | indépendance de la justice | intégration européenne | Macédoine du Nord | règlement des
différends | société civile | économie en transition | État de droit
Résumé The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia is facing its 'most severe political crisis since 2001' and is preparing for
snap elections on 5 June 2016. The Commission made its seventh recommendation for the beginning of accession
talks, 'conditional' on the implementation of a 2015 EU-brokered political agreement between the main parties,
expected to ensure free and fair elections.
En bref EN
Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia: impasse?
Type de publication
En bref
Date02-03-2015
AuteurLILYANOVA Velina
Domaine politiqueAffaires étrangères
Mot-cléadhésion à l'Union européenne | contentieux électoral | crise politique | Grèce | Macédoine du Nord | politique
extérieure | élection anticipée | élection parlementaire | élection présidentielle
Résumé The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia obtained EU candidate status in December 2005. Every year since 2009,
the Commission's progress reports have recommended starting accession talks. The European Council has yet to
follow these recommendations and approve the launch of negotiations. With the name issue unresolved there is little
prospect of a change in the Council.
En bref EN
Turkey: the 2013 progress report and beyond
Type de publication En bref
Date 06-03-2014
Auteur CIRLIG Carmen-Cristina
Domaine politique Affaires étrangères
Mot-clé Chypre | corruption | crise politique | droit de l'information | indépendance de la justice | négociation d'adhésion |
question du Kurdistan | réforme judiciaire | transport transfrontalier | Turquie
Résumé In October 2013, the European Commission published an overall positive report on Turkey, followed in November by
the opening of Chapter 22 (Regional Policy and Coordination of Structural Instruments) of the accession negotiations.
However, recent domestic developments have given rise to serious concern and overshadowed progress achieved by
Turkey up to then.
En bref EN
South Sudan: The Roots and Prospects of a Multifaceted Crisis
Type de publicationAnalyse approfondie
Date 05-03-2014
Auteur MANRIQUE GIL Manuel
Domaine politique Affaires étrangères | Droits de l''homme
Mot-clé aide humanitaire | concentration des pouvoirs | conflit interethnique | crise politique | droits de l'homme | force
multinationale | instauration de la paix | Ouganda | prisonnier politique | règlement des différends | Soudan du Sud
Résumé The violent conflict that erupted in South Sudan during the night of 15 December 2013 had many triggers, the closest
being political disputes between the country's top politicians, President Salva Kiir and former Vice-President Riek
Machar. The fact the December crisis escalated into an open civil war reflects underlying tensions and wider
misgivings within the South Sudanese population, especially between ethnic Dinka and ethnic Nuer. External actors –
mainly the Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD), the United Nations, the EU and the US – have played
a crucial role in supporting a population that has faced significant human rights abuses and humanitarian shortfalls.
These actors have also worked to find a negotiated solution to the crisis from the outset, brokering the ceasefire
agreement signed on 23 January 2014. However, the peace deal between the two parties marks only the beginning;
the process of reconciliation, rehabilitation and nation-building will be long, and reports of violations of the ceasefire
demonstrate the fragility of the situation. Immediate, as well as medium- and long-term, challenges must be addressed
swiftly, so that Africa's youngest state can embark a credible path to development.
Analyse approfondie EN
04-09-2022 Source : © Union européenne, 2022 - PE 8Kingdom of Thailand: A Distressing Standoff
Type de publicationAnalyse approfondie
Date 26-02-2014
Auteur ARMANOVICA Marika
Domaine politique Affaires étrangères | Démocratie
Mot-clé crise politique | droits de l'homme | démocratie | politique extérieure | politique étrangère et de sécurité commune |
relation de l'Union européenne | situation politique | situation sociale | situation économique | Thaïlande | élection
anticipée | État de droit
Résumé Snap elections for Thailand’s House of Representatives were held on 2 February 2014 against a backdrop of public
demonstrations, violence and political polarisation. Rather than end the crisis, the ballot has further enflamed the tense
situation in the country, and re-run elections have yet to be completed in some constituencies.
Between the 2011 general elections, won by the Pheu Thai Party (PTP), and November 2013, Thailand experienced a
period of superficial calm. Yet, the divisions between PTP, backed by Thailand’s rural communities, and the opposition,
supported mainly by Bangkok's middle class and by constituencies in the south, remained irreconcilable. The fragile
political peace was broken when the government of Prime Minister Yingluck Shinawatra's (PTP) introduced an
amnesty bill that would have allowed her brother, former Prime Minister Thaksin Shinawatra (deposed in 2006), to
return from exile without being imprisoned for corruption.
The political stalemate in Thailand, which has continued for eight years in one form or another, highlights the
importance of holding a comprehensive debate about the country’s political culture and a thorough re-negotiation of the
way in which it is governed. Yet such a prospect appears unlikely in the current situation, as positions are ever more
entrenched.
Analyse approfondie EN
Ukraine’s Crisis Intensifies: Protests Grow More Radical, the Authorities More Repressive
Type de publication Analyse approfondie
Date 24-01-2014
Auteur GARCES DE LOS FAYOS TOURNAN Fernando | RAMET Valérie
Domaine politique Affaires étrangères | Démocratie
Mot-clé application de la loi | contentieux électoral | crise politique | négociation d'accord (UE) | opposition politique | ordre
public | protection des libertés | Russie | réunion au sommet | société civile | Ukraine
Résumé The first deaths have been reported – along with cases of torture and kidnapping – in two months of anti-government
demonstrations and government recalcitrance in Ukraine. Since President Viktor Yanukovych applied the brakes to the
country’s advancing Association Agreement with the EU, the country has faced political and popular turmoil, with
opposing positions increasingly entrenched and demonstrations increasingly marred by violence. The ruling Party of
Regions has de facto retreated from its European orientation with the adoption of repressive legislation curtailing basic
freedoms and with President Yanukovych negotiating new agreements with Moscow. Weak in the parliament, the
political opposition has appeared divided on the street. Byelections held in December 2013 yielded results at odds with
those predicted by exit polls and were criticised by international observers; they may serve as a worrisome portent for
presidential elections scheduled for 2015.
The EU’s High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy Catherine Ashton has said the EU must work
towards a ‘political solution to the current crisis.’ EP President Martin Schulz has taken a particular stance on
protestors’ calls for elections, saying that any ‘reasonable President’ who believes his voters stands behind him ‘would
consider new elections’. While the EU has not articulated a clear policy on its Ukrainian Eastern Partner, it will need to
do so to maintain its credibility as a promoter of democracy and regional actor.
Analyse approfondie EN
Regional Tensions Lead to a Power Vacuum in Lebanon
Type de publication Briefing
Date 17-04-2013
Auteur HAKALA Pekka
Domaine politique Affaires étrangères | Démocratie
Mot-clé crise politique | droit électoral | groupe religieux | Liban | réforme électorale | situation politique | Syrie | sécurité
publique | sécurité régionale | élection parlementaire
Résumé Tamman Salam is in charge of forming a new cabinet in Lebanon after the resignation of Prime Minister Mikati on 22
March 2013. Prime Minister Mikati resigned over his government's failure to adopt a new electoral law and its refusal to
extend the mandate of police chief Ashraf Rifi. With no agreement on a new electoral law, forming a new government
coalition is impossible. The scheduled June date for elections also appears unlikely. Lebanon has maintained an
official policy of disassociation from the Syrian civil war, but the country is seriously affected by the deteriorating crisis.
More than 400 000 Syrian refugees reside in Lebanon, and the northern city of Tripoli has suffered from sectarian
clashes that have spilt over from Syria. Prime Minister-designate Tammam Salam is struggling to form a cabinet, while
rival political factions fail to agree on a new electoral law. The current parliament's mandate could be extended beyond
June 2013. The European Union should reiterate its support for Lebanon's independence, territorial integrity and
national institutions.
Briefing EN
04-09-2022 Source : © Union européenne, 2022 - PE 9Coup in the Central African Republic: Chronicle of a Fall Foretold
Type de publication Briefing
Date 27-03-2013
Auteur BARNA Judit
Domaine politique Droits de l''homme | Démocratie | Développement et aide humanitaire
Mot-clé aide humanitaire | crise politique | droits de l'homme | FED | ordre public | règlement des différends | République
centrafricaine | sécurité régionale | violence politique
Résumé After a coalition of rebels entered the capital of the Central African Republic on 24 March, President François Bozizé
fled to Cameroon. Bangui, the capital, was plunged into chaos, and the situation there remains volatile. Capping years
of violent conflict, an offensive by rebel forces destabilised the country in 2012. Under international pressure, a
ceasefire was brokered in January 2013, bringing a short-lived unity government to power. Following the coup, the
African Union suspended the Central African Republic's membership and imposed sanctions on rebel leaders. The EU,
UN, and US have all condemned the violent coup, while remaining silent on the status of the unpopular ousted
president. Even before the latest rebellion, the country faced a deepening humanitarian crisis. It is essential that public
order and stability are restored and that the risk of regional spillover contained.
The country's new self-proclaimed President, Michel Djotodia, has pledged to maintain a power-sharing government.
He will need to create a wider, inclusive political and economic model to achieve lasting stability.
Briefing EN
Kuwait's Political Crisis Deepens
Type de publication Analyse approfondie
Date 22-02-2013
Auteur HAKALA Pekka
Domaine politique Affaires étrangères | Démocratie
Mot-clé corruption | crise politique | fraude électorale | indépendance de la justice | Koweït | opposition politique | relation
législatif-exécutif | régime politique | situation économique
Résumé Parliamentary elections were held in Kuwait on 2 December 2012 despite a deepening political crisis and the
opposition's call to boycott the polls. The vote had been programmed after a pro-reform parliament, elected in February
2012, was disbanded by the country's Constitutional Court. In a bid to weaken the opposition’s influence, Kuwait's Emir
changed the electoral system before the election.
Kuwait has been experiencing political stalemate for many years, the result of a constitutional struggle between the
elected parliament and the ruling family. Questions of corruption and patronage have undercut progress and dialogue
since the 1960s. The outcome of the December 2012 elections — a parliament dominated by pro-government
members — may further poison the political atmosphere. Today, the opposition is still staging demonstrations, calling
the Emir's actions into question and challenging the new parliament's legitimacy.
Analyse approfondie EN
Threats to Sudan's Stability Mount
Type de publication Briefing
Date 11-12-2012
Auteur MANRIQUE GIL Manuel
Domaine politique Affaires étrangères | Démocratie
Mot-clé agitation politique | coup d'État | crise politique | opposition politique | récession économique | situation politique |
situation économique | Soudan | Soudan du Sud
Résumé The regime of Sudan's President Omar Al Bashir's regime is facing its most important challenges in recent years.
Sudan lost 75 % of its oil revenues following the independence of South Sudan. Its economy will contract by 11.2
percent this year. This has encouraged popular protests and reduced the regime's resources. Army generals and
intelligence officers were among the 13 people arrested for plotting a coup d'état in November. The arrests signal a
widening rift between hard- and soft-liners in Khartoum. Political opposition is growing, and protests are becoming
more frequent. An alliance of armed groups — the Sudan Revolutionary Front (SRF) — was launched in 2011. Sudan
is at the crossroads of Africa and the Middle East, and its future trajectory will influence regional dynamics.
Briefing EN
04-09-2022 Source : © Union européenne, 2022 - PE 10Vous pouvez aussi lire
