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Financer le développement. Microfinance et Objectifs du Millénaire
Financing Development. Contributing to the Millennium Development Goals
Convergences 2015
Actes du 2ème forum / Report from the second edition
Paris, 30 avril 2009 / Paris, April 30th, 2009
Avant-Propos
2ème édition du Forum Convergences 2015
L’accès au crédit est un droit pour tous, En établissant des passerelles entre ces des thématiques liées aux évolutions ré-
au même titre que l’accès à l’éducation, à différents secteurs, ACTED souhaite contri- centes de la microfinance et aux opportu-
la santé ou à l’eau. Tel est le postulat qui buer à faire de la microfinance un modèle nités qu’elles impliquent. Les deux pléniè-
fonde la microfinance. économique durable qui permettra de res ont été consacrées aux enjeux clés que
réduire effectivement la pauvreté dans le pose la crise et au rapport existant entre
En mobilisant les acteurs de l’aide au déve-
monde, comme l’avait fixé en 2000 la dé- impact social et pérennité financière. AC-
loppement et les investisseurs de la finance
claration du Millénaire des Nations Unies. TED tient à remercier tous les partenaires
internationale, la microfinance a su propo-
Le contexte économique actuel rend cet qui lui ont permis, ces dernières années,
ser une réponse concrète et innovante à la
objectif d’autant plus ambitieux que la de professionnaliser son approche de la
problématique du crédit, récurrente pour microfinance, ainsi que tous les partici-
les populations les plus pauvres. Néan- croissance mondiale est menacée.
pants, intervenants, modérateurs et invi-
moins, pour que la microfinance puisse La matinée de cette deuxième édition du tés qui ont bien voulu contribuer à cette
contribuer à réduire la pauvreté, il importe forum a été consacrée à l’Asie du Sud, la ré- deuxième édition du Forum Convergences
que ceux qui la font continuent d’être au gion où est née la microfinance. Au cours 2015.
plus près des situations, des hommes et de de deux plénières des experts de la région
leurs besoins. et les dirigeants de 18 institutions de mi-
Initié en 2008 par ACTED, Convergences crofinance en provenance d’Afghanistan,
2015 est un forum d’échanges permanent d’Inde, du Pakistan et du Sri Lanka sont in-
destiné à renforcer les synergies entre tervenus. Ensemble, ils ont dressé le bilan
experts et praticiens de la microfinance, des pratiques, instruments et contraintes
qu’ils proviennent des secteurs de l’écono- concrètes de la microfinance sur leurs ter-
mie sociale, de la finance, de la société ci- rains d’opération respectifs.
vile ou encore des nouvelles technologies. L’après midi, trois tables rondes ont abordé
Foreword
2nd Forum Convergences 2015
Access to credit is a fundamental right to information technology industry. By esta- recent developments in microfinance, as
all, as much as education, healthcare and blishing linkages between these different well as the advantages and opportunities
sanitation. This is the basic premise on actors, ACTED wishes to contribute in ma- that they offer. Two plenary sessions have
which microfinance is founded upon. king microfinance a sustainable economic then concentrated on the key issues raised
model which effectively reduces poverty by the current financial crisis and the rela-
By mobilizing actors from the develop-
in the world, as stated in the 2000 United tionship between social impact and finan-
ment sector as well as international inves-
Nations Millennium Goals declaration. The cial sustainability.
tors, microfinance has been able to bring
a tangible and innovative response to the current economic context is making this ACTED would like to thank all the partners
difficulty in providing access to credit, a objective even more ambitious as global who have over the past years played a role
recurring issue for the most vulnerable economic growth prospects are threate- in strengthening their approach towards
populations. Nevertheless, in order for mi- ned. microfinance, as well as all participants,
crofinance to effectively contribute to po- The forum’s morning session focused on speakers, moderators and guests who
verty reduction, those who deliver these South Asia, the region where microfinance have contributed to this second edition of
services should consistently remain close originated. Two plenary sessions have seen the Convergences 2015 Forum.
to the needs of the men and women who regional experts and leaders from 18 mi-
require them the most. crofinance institutions from Afghanistan,
Initiated by ACTED in 2008, Convergen- India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka, elaborate on
ces 2015 is a permanent exchange forum local practices, available instruments and
dedicated to the reinforcement of syner- practical constraints faced by microfinance
gies between microfinance experts and in their respective areas of intervention.
practitioners from the social economy, the In the afternoon, three round-tables have
financial sector, the civil society and the allowed participants to discuss the most
2
Partenaires / Partners
Convergences 2015 Convergences 2015
Une initiative d’ACTED An initiative by ACTED
ACTED, une des principales ONG françaises de solidarité inter- ACTED is one the principal French NGOs, engaged in microfi-
nationale, active dans plus de 25 pays, s’est engagée dans la nance since 1997. For more than a decade, ACTED’s activity has
microfinance depuis 1997, en expérimentant sur le terrain des been based on innovative initiatives, led in partnership with nu-
activités de microcrédit dans un contexte humanitaire. Pour ce merous growing actors from diverse professional and cultural
faire, ACTED a obtenu le soutien d’acteurs spécialisés qui, dans backgrounds. Positioned at the crossroads of such development
une architecture ouverte et pragmatique, ont permis le déve- dynamics that seemed at first to differ, it then appeared essen-
loppementd’initiatives convergentes. C’est cette convergence tial to ACTED’s directors to push for synergies between deve-
entre activités de développement, innovations technologiques, lopment activities, technological innovations and international
instruments financiers, initiatives individuelles et politiques pu- financial instruments. Effectively, it is on these three pillars that a
bliques, qui permettra le développement d’un modèle viable de sustainable microfinance model will be able to thrive.
microfinance pouvant effectivement contribuer à la réalisation
des Objectifs du Millénaire.
Le Crédit Coopératif Crédit Coopératif
Partenaire de Convergences 2015 Convergences 2015 Partner
Le Crédit Coopératif est la banque de référence des acteurs de The Crédit Coopératif is a renowned bank for the actors of the
l’économie sociale et solidaire. Il est engagé depuis de nom- social and the fair trade economy. For many years, the Credit
breuses années auprès des acteurs de la solidarité internatio- Coopératif has committed itself alongside international solidari-
nale avec la création, en 1983, du premier placement de par- ty actors in creating in 1983 the first European social investment
tage en Europe, le Fonds Commun de Placement (FCP) Faim et product, the Hunger and Development Investment Fund.
Développement. The Credit Coopératif’s commitment in microfinance is ancient
L’engagement du Crédit Coopératif en matière de microfinance and strong, as shown by the numerous initiatives routinely un-
est fort et ancien, comme en témoignent les nombreuses ini- dertaken and supported in France as well as throughout the
tiatives qu’il prend et soutient au quotidien, en France et dans world. It initiates for microfinance Institutions, credit lines that
le monde. Il ouvre aux institutions de microfinance des lignes allow them, in turn, to offer loans to project bearers. Equally,
de crédit qui leur permettent, à leur tour, de faire des prêts aux it directly intervenes within the public device framework, and
porteurs de projets. Il intervient également directement dans le brings its expertise to microfinance actors by bringing to them,
cadre de dispositifs publics et apporte son expertise aux acteurs credit lines, safeguard instruments and its financial engineering
de la microfinance en mettant à leur disposition des lignes de capacities. Recently, the Crédit Coopératif’s interventions have
crédit, des instruments de garantie et ses capacités d’ingénierie taken course to capitalize in microfinance institutions. Close to
financière. Plus récemment, son intervention a pris la forme de Acted, the Crédit Coopératif is a natural partner of Convergen-
participations au capital d’institutions de microfinance. Proche ces 2015.
d’ACTED, il est un partenaire naturel de Convergences 2015.
3
Grameen Crédit Agricole Microfinance Grameen Crédit Agricole Microfinance Foundation Foundation Créée en 2008, à l’initiative conjointe des dirigeants de Created in 2008, at the joint initiative of the directors of Crédit Agricole SA et du Professeur Yunus, fondateur de la Gra- Crédit Agricole SA and Professor Yunus, founder of the meen Bank et Prix Nobel de la Paix 2006, la Grameen Crédit Grameen Bank and recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize in 2006, Agricole Microfinance Foundation a pour objectif d’appor- the Grameen Crédit Agricole Microfinance Foundation aims ter sa contribution spécifique à la réalisation des Objectifs du at making a specific contribution to the achievement of the Millénaire, en accompagnant le développement des insti- Millennium Development Goals by accompanying the deve- tutions de microfinance dans les pays en développement, lopment of microfinance institutions in developing countries, avec un accent particulier mis sur la microfinance agricole with a particular emphasis on agricultural and rural microfi- et rurale. Il était donc naturel que la Grameen Crédit Agricole nance. It was thus natural that the Grameen Crédit Agricole Microfinance Foundation apporte son soutien à Convergences Microfinance Foundation decided to support Convergen- 2015 : les outils de la microfinance et du social business, forgés ces 2015; microfinance and social business tools, forged by par le Professeur Yunus, sont plus que jamais d’actualité pour Professor Yunus, are now more than ever relevant for decreasing faire reculer la pauvreté et promouvoir la dignité des pauvres, poverty and promoting the dignity of the poor, in the current dans un contexte où la crise nous rappelle durement que la fi- context where the crisis harshly reminds us that finance must nance doit être au service de la personne humaine et de son be at the service of human beings and their economic and social épanouissement économique et social. development. BNP Paribas BNP Paribas BNP Paribas est un leader européen des services bancaires. Le BNP Paribas bank is a European leader in banking services with Groupe est présent dans plus de 85 pays dans le monde. BNP Pa- offices in 85 countries worldwide. BNP Paribas Group Microfi- ribas Group Microfinance a été créé en 2006 avec pour objectif nance was created in 2006 with the aim of financing MFIs (Mi- de financer les institutions de microfinance de pays émergents crofinance Institutions) in emerging countries and providing et fournir une assistance technique (bénévolat de compétences technical assistance (volunteers). des personnes actives et des retraités). BNP Paribas Group Mi- It provides loans to Microfinance Institutions and distributes crofinance propose des prêts aux institutions de microfinance microfinance fund to investors (responsAbility fund for BNP Pa- et alloue des fonds microfinance aux investisseurs. ribas Wealth Management International clients, Obli Etheïs fund A l’heure actuelle, BNP Paribas Group Microfinance finance for French retail clients). 22 IMF dans douze pays, sur trois continents, pour un total To date, BNP Paribas Group Microfinance has financed 22 avoisinant les 80 millions d’euros. Depuis plus de quinze ans, MFIs in 12 countries, over three continents, for a total amount BNP Paribas est investi dans le développement du micro- of €80 million. In France, BNP Paribas has been investing in crédit qu’il considère comme un véritable outil de lutte contre the development of microcredit as a tool against poverty le chômage et l’exclusion en France. Partenaire historique and exclusion for more than 15 years. The bank is a long- de l’ADIE («Projet Banlieues» lancé en 2006 en coopération term partner of Adie and has constantly affirmed its support avec l’ADIE, représentant 2 millions d’euros sur 3 ans, projet for the association with regard to patronage and funding qui, en 2009, a été renouvelé pour trois ans). Par ailleurs, BNP («Projet Banlieues» in cooperation with Adie, €2 million over Paribas Personal Finance (branche crédit à la consommation de three years in 2006, renewed for three years in 2009). Moreo- la BNP Paribas) est impliqué, depuis 2006, dans le programme ver, since 2006, BNP Paribas Personal Finance (the BNP Paribas de micro- crédit du gouvernement français, dont l’objectif est consumer credit branch) is involved in a microcredit program- de promouvoir le prêt social destiné aux personnes exclues du me of the French government, to provide social loans to persons prêt bancaire. excluded from bank credit. 4
Paris EUROPLACE Paris EUROPLACE
Paris EUROPLACE est l’organisation chargée de promouvoir la Paris EUROPLACE is the organization in charge of promoting
place financière de Paris auprès des investisseurs internationaux. Paris’s financial standing among international investors. Today,
Aujourd’hui, Paris EUROPLACE réunit 150 établissements adhé- Paris EUROPLACE unites 150 institutions from all categories of
rents issus de l’ensemble des catégories d’acteurs de l’industrie the financial industry; corporate issuers, investors, financial in-
financière : émetteurs, investisseurs, intermédiaires financiers et termediaries, and professional auxiliaries.
professions auxiliaires. Paris EUROPLACE conducts three major activities:
Paris EUROPLACE mène 3 types d’actions : Promoting the expertise and knowhow of players operating in
La promotion de l’expertise et des savoir-faire des acteurs opé- Paris’s financial market, raising consciousness of Public Powers
rant sur la place financière de Paris, la sensibilisation auprès des and accelerating reform programs.
pouvoirs publics et l’accélération des programmes de réformes. Paris EUROPLACE has centered its activities on the theme of fi-
Paris EUROPLACE a fait du thème de la finance et du développe- nance and sustainable development an for several years. Since
ment durable un axe important de son action depuis plusieurs 2003, a think tank has been set up, presided over by Daniel LE-
années. Dès 2003, une commission de réflexion a été mise en BEGUE, to identify the challenges and the priorities of financial
place, présidée par Daniel LEBEGUE, pour identifier les enjeux market activities in this field.
et les priorités d’actions de la place financière dans ce domaine.
Le Monde, la référence Le Monde, the News Reference
de l’information Created by Hubert Beuve-Méry after Second World War,
Fondé par Hubert Beuve-Méry, au lendemain de la Seconde Le Monde is a newspaper which has always been committed
Guerre mondiale, Le Monde est un journal animé, depuis plus to high professional standards and independent work. Largest
de 60 ans, par l’exigence professionnelle et le souci d’indépen- paying national newspaper of general interest, it is distributed
dance. Premier quotidien national généraliste en diffusion to- in approximately 120 countries.
tale payée, il est présent dans près de 120 pays. Every Monday, Le Monde issues the “Le Monde Economique,”
Chaque lundi, Le Monde édite le supplément « Le Monde Eco- presenting reports on economic and social actuality, national
nomie ». A son sommaire, un dossier analysant l’actualité éco- and international, as well as columns and analyses from experts
nomique et sociale, française et internationale, des chroniques in order to better interpret and understand today’s socio-eco-
et analyses d’experts pour mieux décrypter et comprendre les nomic stakes.
enjeux économiques et sociaux d’aujourd’hui.
5
Babyloan.org Babyloan.org
Créé avec le soutien d’ACTED, Babyloan.org est le premier site Created with ACTED’s support, Babyloan.org is the first French
internet français de micro-crédit solidaire. Il permet à l’inter- website for socially oriented microcredit.
naute de : It allows web users to decide which micro-entrepreneur they
• Choisir le micro-entrepreneur qu’il souhaite soutenir, want to support, lend him/her the amount of money they choo-
• Lui prêter la somme de son choix, se, follow up the payments of the micro-credit and get reim-
• Etre remboursé. bursed.
Babyloan propose donc une nouvelle forme de solidarité, fon- Babyloan thus offers a new form of solidarity based on lending
dée sur le prêt plutôt que sur le don. Babyloan est aussi et sur- rather than giving. Last but not least, Babyloan is also a tool for
tout un outil de refinancement à bas coût pour les IMF. OXUS IMF low-cost refinancing operations. Oxus Tajikistan is one of
Tadjikistan est l’une des premières IMF partenaire de Babyloan. the first IMFs partnering with Babyloan.
group
Groupe OXUS OXUS Group
Le Groupe OXUS constitue la branche microfinance de l’associa- OXUS Group is the microcredit instrument of the French
tion française de solidarité internationale, ACTED. OXUS agit en humanitarian NGO ACTED. As such, OXUS action falls
faveur du développement humain. Il s’assure que les performan- within a broader human development framework, ensuring
ces économiques et le développement social aillent de pair. La that economic performance and social development go hand
mission d’OXUS est de lutter contre la pauvreté, en permettant by hand. OXUS mission is to fight poverty through the provision
aux travailleurs les plus pauvres d’avoir accès à la microfinance. of microfinance services to the working poor.
Ouverte aux investisseurs privés, OXUS Holding est encore dé- While open to private investors, OXUS Holding is still held in ma-
tenue en majorité par ACTED. Cette structure permet à OXUS de jority by ACTED. This shareholder structure is intended to grant
rester fidèle à ses objectifs de développement social. OXUS social development goal.
Aujourd’hui, le Groupe OXUS a près de 25 000 clients, atteignant As of today, OXUS Group serves 25 thousand customers, totali-
un encours de près de 12 millions de dollars. sing nearly $12 million of outstanding portfolio.
6
Sommaire
Session 1 Session 2
La microfinance en Asie du Sud Enjeux globaux
de la microfinance
Séance inaugurale
Modérateur Table ronde 1
Pierre LAFRANCE Ambassadeur de France
Investissement socialement responsable
En présence de
et microfinance
M. Abdul Qadeer FITRAT Gouverneur de la Banque Modérateur
Centrale, Da Afghanistan Bank • M. Mohammad MASTOOR Vice- Anne-Cathrine HUSSON-TRAORE Directrice générale, NOVE-
ministre des Finances d’Afghanistan • Luca PUPULIN Coordina- THIC
teur régional Asie, ACTED Intervenants
Xavier DE BAYSER Président, Integral Development As-
Plénière 1 set Management (IDEAM) Filiale du Crédit Agricole As-
Investissements en Asie du Sud : quelles set Management • Christophe COUTURIER Directeur gé-
opportunités ? néral, ECOFI • Emmanuel GAUTIER Gérant de portefeuilles
et d’investissements solidaires, NATIXIS Asset Manage-
Introduction de la plénière par les directeurs d’IMF ment • Olivier DE GUERRE Président, PhiTrust Finance •
du Sri Lanka, du Pakistan, et d’Afghanistan :
Emmanuel DE LUTZEL Responsable BNP Paribas, Group Micro-
Ravi D. TISSERA Directeur, LOLC Micro Credit Ltd (Sri finance • Priscilla DE MOUSTIER Présidente du Conseil de sur-
Lanka) • Najibullah SAMIM Directeur, Madrac (Afghanistan) veillance, OXUS Holding • Cyrille PARANT Directeur, PlaNet In-
• Masood Safdar GILL Directeur, NRSP UPAP (Pakistan)
vestment Services
Modérateur
Eric DESCHOENMAECKER Membre du conseil d’administration, Table ronde 2
ACTED De nouveaux outils pour de nouvelles
Intervenants formes de solidarité :
Syed Mohsin AHMED Directeur, Pakistan Microfinance Network plateformes collaboratives
• Madhavan ATI Responsable de l’Assistance Technique, MISFA • et ouvertes
Brij MOHAN Vice Président, Microfinance India Summit • Shakila Modérateur
WIJEWARDENA Directeur, Lanka Microfinance Practitioners As-
Yolaine DE LA BIGNE Rédactrice en Chef, Magazine Néo-
sociation
planète
Plénière 2 Intervenants
Enjeux et perspectives David BOUSSEAU Directeur, ADIE Connect • Stéphane
COSTE Responsable Prospective stratégique et qualité
de la microfinance en Asie du Sud de la relation client, Crédit Coopératif • Emmanuel
Introduction de la plénière par les directeurs MARCHANT Directeur général, Danone Communities / MyCoop
d’une IMF d’Inde : • Florence RIZZO Responsable du programme Fellowship, Asho-
Khirod Chandra MALICK Directeur général, Credible microfinan- ka France • Patrick NAIM Fondateur, Elseware • Pierre PIEZZARDI
ce Pvt Ltd (Inde) Président, Octopus Microfinance • Arnaud POISSONNIER Prési-
dent-Fondateur, Babyloan
Modérateur
Jérémy HAJDENBERG Chargé d’investissement, Investisseur &
Partenaire pour le développement
Intervenants
Chandula ABEYWICKREMA Directeur général adjoint, Hatton Na-
tional Bank • Mostaq AHMMED Directeur adjoint aux opérations,
ASA International et Fondateur d’ICMSE • Christian BLANCHARD
Délégué général, MADERA • Eric DUFLOS Spécialiste microfi-
nance senior, CGAP • Francesca LO RE Responsable du secteur
Institutions de microfinance, Etimos • Marc ROESCH Chercheur,
CIRAD
7
Table ronde 3 Plénière 2
Evaluer et valoriser la performance so- Les défis de la microfinance
ciale de la microfinance face à la crise
Modérateur Modérateur
Bertrand GALLET Directeur général, Cités Unies France Adrien DE TRICORNOT Journaliste, Le Monde Economie
Intervenants Intervenants
Florent BEDECARRATS Chargé d’études, CERISE • Odi- Matthias ADLER Economiste, KfW • Jacques ATTALI Pré-
le CONCHOU Expert Cellule d’Appui Environnemental et sident, PlaNet Finance • Jean Pierre KLUMPP Président
Social, AFD • Sébastien DUQUET Directeur, PlaNet - Directeur général, BlueOrchard Finance S.A. • Renée
Finance • Pascale LACOMBRADE Responsable Microfinance, CHAO-BEROFF Directeur du départment microfinance,
Société Générale • Franck RENAUDIN Fondateur, Entrepreneurs CIDR et Directeur général PAMGA • Jean-Luc PERRON Délé-
du Monde • Leo SOLDAAT Responsable Programme Services fi- gué général, Grameen Crédit Agricole Microfinance Foun-
nanciers, HIVOS • Lucia SPAGGIARI Responsable adjoint Social dation • Frédéric ROUSSEL Directeur du Développement,
Rating, Microfinanza Rating ACTED • Pierre VALENTIN Directeur général délégué, Crédit
Coopératif
Salon d’investissement
En parallèle des ateliers s’est tenu un salon d’investissement,
pendant lequel les investisseurs européens ont eu
l’opportunité de rencontrer les représentants d’IMF d’Asie du
Sud.
Plénière 1
Financement et accompagnement de la
microfinance :
quels rôles respectifs pour
le secteur public et associatif,
le secteur privé et les entrepreneurs
sociaux ?
Modérateur
François DE WITT Président, Finansol
Intervenants
Arnaud DE BRESSON Délégué général, Paris EUROPLACE • Fran-
çois DEBIESSE Directeur Wealth Management, BNP Paribas, et
Président, Fondation de l’Orangerie pour la philanthropie in-
dividuelle • Patrice HOPPENOT Président, Investisseur & Parte-
naire pour le développement • Maria NOWAK Présidente, ADIE •
Pierre SCHAPIRA Adjoint au Maire de Paris chargé des Relations
internationales des Affaires Européennes et de la Francophonie
• Jean-Louis VIELAJUS Président, Coordination Sud
8
Summary
Session 1 Session 2
Microfinance in South Asia Global challenges
in microfinance
Opening session
Moderator
Round Table 1
Pierre LAFRANCE Former Ambassador
Socially responsible investment and
of France to Afghanistan microfinance
Keynote speakers Moderator
M. Abdul Qadeer FITRAT Governor of Da Afghanistan Bank, the Anne-Cathrine HUSSON-TRAORE General Director, NOVETHIC
Central Bank of Afghanistan • M. Mohammad MASTOOR Deputy
Speakers
Minister, Ministry of Finance of Afghanistan • Luca PUPULIN Re-
Xavier DE BAYSER President, Integral Development
gional Coordinator for Asia, ACTED
Asset Management (IDEAM) • Christophe COUTURIER
General Director, ECOFI • Emmanuel GAUTIER Capi-
Plenary session 1 tal Savings Manager, NATIXIS Asset Management • Oli-
Opportunities in investment vier DE GUERRE President, PhiTrust Finance • Emmanuel
in South Asia DE LUTZEL Director, Microfinance, BNP Paribas Group •
Priscilla DE MOUSTIER President, Board of Supervisor, OXUS Hol-
Introduction by the directors of Indian, Pakistani and Sri Lan-
ding • Cyrille PARANT Director, PlaNet Investment Services
kan MFIs:
Ravi D . TISSERA Director, LOLC Micro Credit Ltd (Sri Lanka) • Na-
jibullah SAMIM Director, Madrac, (Afghanistan) • Masood Safdar Round Table 2
GILL Director, NRSP UPAP (Pakistan)
New tools for new forms
Moderator
of solidarity: open collaborative
Eric DESCHOENMAECKER Board of directors, ACTED platforms
Speakers: Moderator
Syed Mohsin AHMED Director, Pakistan Microfinance Yolaine DE LA BIGNE chief editor, Neoplanète
Network • Madhavan ATI Technical Advisor, Microfinan-
ce Investment Support Facility Afghanistan (MISFA) • Brij Speakers
MOHAN Vice Chairman Microfinance, India Summit • David BOUSSEAU Director, ADIE Connect • Stéphane COSTE Stra-
Shakila WIJEWARDENA Director, Lanka Microfinance Practitio- tegy and customer relations quality executive Crédit Coopératif •
ners Association Emmanuel MARCHANT General Director, Danone Communities
/ MyCoop • Florence RIZZO Fellowship Programme Manager, As-
Plenary session 2 hoka France • Patrick NAIM Founder, Elseware • Pierre PEZZIARDI
President, Octopus Microfinance • Arnaud POISSONNIER Foun-
Perspectives for microfinance der-President, Babyloan
in South Asia
Introduction by the directors of Indian MFIs:
Khirod Chandra MALICK Managing Director, Credible microfi-
nance Pvt Ltd (India)
Moderator
Jérémy HAJDENBERG Head of Investment, Investisseur & Parte-
naire pour le développement
Speakers
Chandula ABEYWICKREMA Deputy General Mana-
ger, Hatton National Bank • Mostaq AHMMED De-
puty Chief Operation Officer, ASA International, foun-
der ICMSE • Christian BLANCHARD General Delegate,
MADERA • Eric DUFLOS Senior Microfinance Specialist, CGAP •
Francesca LO RE Coordinator for microfinance institutions area •
Marc ROESCH Researcher, CIRAD
9
Round Table 3 Plenary session 2
Evaluating and promoting social perfor- The challenges to the microfinance in-
mance in microfinance dustry by the financial crisis
Moderator Moderator
Bertrand GALLET General Director, Cités Unies France Adrien DE TRICORNOT Journalist, Le Monde Economie
Speakers Speakers
Florent BEDECARRATS Study Manager, CERISE • Odi- Matthias ADLER Economist, KfW • Jacques ATTALI Pre-
le CONCHOU Sustainable Development Manager, AFD • sident, PlaNet Finance • Jean Pierre KLUMPP Chief Exe-
Sébastien DUQUET Director, PlaNet Finance • Pascale cutive Officer, BlueOrchard Finance S.A. • Renée CHAO-
LACOMBRADE Microfinance Manager, Société Générale • Franck BEROFF Director of Microfinance Enterprise Development and
RENAUDIN Founder, Entrepreneur du Monde • Leo SOLDAAT Employment CIDR and General Director PAMIGA • Jean-Luc
Coordinator, Financial Services, HIVOS • Lucia SPAGGIARI Deputy PERRON General Delegate, Grameen Crédit Agricole Microfi-
Manager, Social Rating, Microfinanza Rating nance Foundation • Frédéric ROUSSEL Development Director,
ACTED • Pierre VALENTIN Delegate general Director, Crédit Coo-
Investment fair pératif Bank
In Parallel to the workshops, an Investment Fair was held,
during which European investors had the opportunity to meet
with the representatives of South Asian MFIs.
Plenary session 1
Financing and developing microfinance:
What are the roles for the public sector,
the NGO community,
the private sector and for social
entrepreneurs?
Moderator
François DE WITT President, Finansol
Speakers
Arnaud DE BRESSON General Delegate, Paris EUROPLACE • Fran-
çois DEBIESSE Wealth Management BNP Paribas Director and
President, Orangerie Foundation for Individual Philanthropy •
Patrice HOPPENOT President, Investisseur & Partenaire pour le
développement • Maria NOWAK Presidente, ADIE • Pierre SCHA-
PIRA Deputy Mayor of Paris, in charge of International Relations
of European affairs and for French speaking countries • Jean-
Louis VIELAJUS President, Coordination Sud
10Opening Session
Introduction by Luca Pupulin,
Asia Regional Coordinator, ACTED
Good morning ladies and gentlemen. First and published a book relating his diploma-
of all, let me thank you all for coming to tic experience Du temps de Benazir Bhutto
the second edition of Convergences 2015 edited by Gnosis. Mister Ambassador, I am
conference on behalf of ACTED and on be- leaving you the word.
half of our partners.
I will first introduce you to our first mode-
rator, his Excellency Pierre Lafrance, am-
bassador of France. Born in 1932 in Tunis,
his Excellency Pierre Lafrance has been
committed to the associative world for a
long time. During his diplomatic carrier,
which lasted until 2002, he served in the
Muslim world, notably in Afghanistan and
in Pakistan where he held his last position
as an Ambassador. He has been engaged
for more than 30 years in NGOs such as
Madera, which he currently presides. He
participated in numerous co written works
Opening statement by Pierre Lafrance,
Ambassador of France
It is a real honour to open this opening quiries, a lot of preparatory work is ines- pulin, our host. Mr. Pupulin has a master
session. I am very happy and honoured capable, which means also strict rules. In of economics from the London School of
to share the floor with so distinguished other words, to make a long story short, Economics, and he has a long standing
guests. I will give you my opinion about microfinance should never be lavished; NGO and microfinance experience, not
microfinance in a few sentences: Central otherwise it would be put into danger. Still only in ACTED but also in other NGOs. He
Asia and South Asia are facing a real pro- microfinance is very useful and has a cen- is now the regional director of ACTED and
blem of debt, caused by a strong need for tral role to play. These are my own ideas has played a major role in the conceptua-
money. Most of the time we are tempted and feelings, I am presenting them to you lization and implementation of the South
and prompted to help indebted people, but of course these issues will be further Asian Microfinance Network (SAMN).
who are very numerous but this has to be discussed during the conference.
done carefully. One of the reasons for the
high number of indebted people is the
existence, both in Afghanistan and in In-
dia, of a system of advanced payment by
landlords, traffickers, or traders for poor Pierre Lafrance
people. Thus, many people are using the
Born in 1932 in Tunis, Pierre Lafrance is
microcredit system to repay their debt;
Ambassador of France and has been long
which is totally counterproductive. Hel-
committed to the associative world. Du-
ping such people is real social welfare but
ring his diplomatic career which lasted
it is not microfinance.
until 2002, he served in the Muslim world,
Microfinance should rely on caution; othe- notably in Afghanistan and Pakistan, whe-
rwise the whole system would be jeopar- re he held his last position as an Ambassa-
dized. So we have to address, to choose as dor. He has been engaged for more than
partners, reliable borrowers, we are bound 30 years in NGOs such as MADERA, over
I will now give the floor to Mr. Luca Pu-
to do that, which means that a lot or en- which he currently presides.
11Morning Agenda and presentation of SAMN
by Luca Pupulin, Asia Regional Coordinator, ACTED
As you can all see in your agenda, the mor- supported 18 tier-2 MFIs from Afghanis-
ning session is focusing on microfinance tan, India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka, through
in South Asia. You know that South Asia the provision of tailored capacity building
is a region with tremendous potential for and exposure visits, which are very signi-
growth of the microfinance sector repre- ficant in today’s investment opportunities
senting over half of the global microfinan- context.
ce demand as well as including the most We are very happy and honoured to have
innovative and effective microfinance pro- here the representatives of 18 microfi-
viders in the world. We are much honou- nance institutions, members of SAMN;
red to have here with us among the mor- they have just completed a tour in France
ning speakers and participants, a number where they met various microfinance sta-
of key regional microfinance stakeholders keholders and a number of potential in-
including government, microfinance APEX vestments are in the process. Together, the
institutions, existing and potential inves- 18 MFIs of SAMN have over 500,000 active
tors, as well as microfinance institutions. microfinance clients and an outstanding Luca Pupulin
The prominent speakers of our two mor- loan portfolio of over €55 million with si- Following the completion of a Master
ning panels will firstly discuss investment gnificant unmet needs for investment. We degree at the London School of Eco-
climate in South Asia, looking at the bott- sincerely hope that their visit to Europe nomics, Mr Pupulin started his over-
lenecks that are limiting the growth of the will enable them to bridge this investment seas career as a development worker
sector, as well as the many opportunities gap and that linkages will be done during in 2000. Since then, he has worked for a
that should encourage considerable fu- this day with potential investors to further number of leading international NGOs
ture growth and investments from regio- promote investment and linkages from in Kosovo, Burundi and Thailand, joi-
nal and European investors. The second French and European investors. To faci- ning ACTED’s Central Asian operations
panel will then review the current state of litate such linkages, you will find in your in 2003. Currently, Mr Pupulin repre-
South Asia microfinance looking at how in handout a report from the South Asian Mi- sents ACTED as a Regional Director,
the context of the global financial crisis it crofinance Network on the prospects of in- overseeing the organization’s inter-
is both highly viable as well as extremely vestment in the South Asian Microfinance vention in nine countries in the Asia
important to continue supporting the which provides some basic guidelines for region. Mr Pupulin has considerable
growth of the microfinance sector, a sector investing in the four countries of SAMN in- experience in microfinance and played
which is making a contribution to poverty tervention, as well as a pitch book for each a leading role in the conceptualization
eradication in the region. of the member MFIs summarizing the aims and implementation of the South Asian
I would also like to take very briefly this and the performance indicators. We hope Microfinance Network.
opportunity to introduce you to the South that the first edition of such a report will
Asian Microfinance Network (SAMN), an become a yearly publication and hopefully
initiative by ACTED and various partners a reference point in the future on how to portfolio in excess of €150 million.
to facilitate the growth of the microfinance facilitate investment in South Asia. We are confident that this will be a success
sector in Asia. Supported by the European To conclude, maybe a couple of words and that it will continue promoting linka-
Commission, it was initiated by ACTED as on the future perspectives of SAMN: Fol- ges between microfinance in South Asia
well as Access and RSPN and supported by lowing the first phase, we are now ready and interested stakeholders in Europe,
a number of stakeholders including MIS- to embark in a second more ambitious particularly in France.
FA, Tiaré Groupe and OXUS Development phase which aims by 2010 to include up to In the meanwhile, ACTED, SAMN team and
Network. Over the past year, SAMN has 40 tier-2 MFIs with 1,5 million clients and a their partners will remain at your disposal
for additional information.
12Microfinance sector overview in Afghanistan
by Abdul Qadeer Fitrat, Governor, Da Afghanistan Bank
Thank you very much Excellency Ambas- level, where banks and other financial ins- In conclusion, I would like to commend
sador Pierre Lafrance for your generous titutions motivated by profit making are ACTED for launching the Convergences
introduction. Excellency Minister Moham- not able to deliver such important services 2015 initiative to bring together economic
mad Mastoor, Excellency Ambassador due to cost consideration. policy makers, microfinance practitioners
Pierre Lafrance, Mr. Roussel, ACTED’s Deve- MFIs started their activities in South Asia and experts from various fields and dis-
lopment Director, honourable diplomats, long ago, but in Afghanistan they started ciplines for a fruitful exchange of views
representatives of the donor community, in 2002. Led by MISFA, the Microfinance In- and technical knowledge to find ways and
journalists, members of the civil society, vestment Support Facility for Afghanistan, means to expand the realm of microfi-
distinguished guests, ladies and gentle- these institutions grew in size and number nance as a basic tool of reducing poverty
men, a very warm welcome and a good and expanded their engagements in most and synergizing efforts towards achieving
morning to each and everyone of you here parts of the country. the UN Millennium Development Goals by
in this hall. Let me start by saying what a 2015.
distinct pleasure and a great honour it is As of January 2009, more than 15 MFIs have
been active in 24 out of the 34 provinces Having said this, I will like to reiterate my
for me to open this high profile gathering unwavering support and that of my ins-
titled Convergences 2015. of Afghanistan, providing services to more
than 440,000 families, creating 1.6 jobs per titution, the Central Bank of Afghanistan,
Today access to credit is considered as a loan. Currently about 25% of these MFIs towards creating the right regulatory
fundamental right as well as a basic neces- have reached cost recovery level, and the environment conducing to a sustaina-
sity for every individual just like access to remaining are on their way to becoming ble and vibrant microfinance market in
education, healthcare and clean drinking self sustainable in a near future. As in the Afghanistan and I would also like to ask
water. MFIs are designed to deliver such past, some of these MFIs have expressed my fellow regulators across the region to
an important service to the most vulne- interest and willingness to become banks, do the same with regard to MFIs. At the
rable populations’ doorsteps at the village two of them have already become banks end, I wish each and every one of you a
and they are doing very well. If they want very pleasant, rewarding and productive
to become a bank, the MFIs are required gathering today.
by the Law on Banking of Afghanistan to
be licensed, regulated and supervised by
the Central Bank because once they start
deposit-taking, it is the fiduciary responsi-
bility of the Central Bank to license, regu-
late and supervise them in order to protect
the rights of the depositors. But others are
struggling to become self sustainable first Conclusion by
and then become DMFIs, Deposit-taking
Microfinance Institutions.
Mr. Pierre Lafrance
The same maybe true for the entire South Thank you very much Mr. Abdul Qadeer
Asian region. To me, this indicates how Fitrat. You just insisted on the fact that
successful and sustainable financing mo- microfinance is nowadays more than
ever before relevant, especially on this
Abdul Qadeer FITRAT del the MFIs have become in our region
which is plagued by poverty, diseases time of economic crisis. This is totally
Mr. Abdul Qadeer Fitrat has a long stan- and lack of access to conventional finance true; our common goal is poverty alle-
ding career as a finance and banking which is taken for granted in most parts of viation and we are determined to work
specialist. He was President of Banke today’s world. in this sense.
Millie, a state-owned afghan bank un-
til he joined the Afghan Central Bank With the right regulatory models in place I
in 1995. He subsequently became Go- am confident that microfinance has been
vernor in 1996, but had to exile to the and will be a sustainable economic model
United States when the Taleban took to contribute towards poverty alleviation
Kabul. After working as a Consultant in our region. I can firmly say that microfi-
Economist at the Middle East Depart- nance so far has not had any losers and has
ment of the International Monetary been a win-win situation for both investors
Fund, Mr. Fitrat came back to Afghanis- and the recipients.
tan in 2002 and worked for the Central The current global economic downturn
Bank and for the World Bank. In 2007, and the prolonging recession make mi-
he became again Governor of the Cen- crofinance even more relevant as more
tral Bank of Afghanistan. Mr. Fitrat holds and more population across the world fall
a Master’s degree in Social and Applied into poverty while the prospect of growth
Economics from Wright State University in economic recovery has become even
in Ohio. gloomier.
13Microfinance sector overview in Afghanistan
by Mohammad Mastoor, Deputy Minister,
Ministry of Finance, Afghanistan
Mr. Abdul Qadeer Fitrat, his Excellency, la- Progress in reducing poverty and getting
dies and gentlemen, I am deeply honou- to the Millennium Development Goal tar-
red to have been invited to this illustrious gets will be delayed and even differed in
city of Paris and have the opportunity to many countries. But the later is not far if
be with extremely high level microfinance we do not move now or if we do not move
experts and address this important confe- in harmony.
rence on the convergence between finan- Despite all these discouraging facts and
cial instruments, development initiatives
and technological innovations to support
figures, we heard in Washington DC last Mohammad Mustafa Mas-
weekend some very constructive discus-
microfinance actors and beneficiaries in toor
sions and strong commitments as well.
the turmoil of the current global crisis. This meeting was the first major global ga- Mr. Muhammad Mustafa Mastoor has
Microfinance is especially important in thering since the G20 meeting in London worked for the Ministry of Public Health
these troubled times... I have just come in March and provided an opportunity to of Afghanistan as Director of Grant and
from the World Bank and the IMF Spring discuss the broader set of problems with Contract Management and then joined
meeting which was held in Washington full participation of all 185 member coun- the Ministry of Finance as Director Ge-
DC. The prognosis is severe: the world eco- tries, especially the developing countries neral for Budget in 2005. He has exten-
nomy will contract more sharply in 2009 where the real economy has been hit by sive experience of Treasury and Budget
than at any time since the Second World the second and third waves of the crisis. Management as well as Public Financial
War. Despite the efforts of the Central Management. Since 2009, he is Deputy
Thinking of all this, I am rather optimistic
Banks, treasuries and stimuli packages of Minister of Finance. Mr. Mastoor holds a
and believe that international assistance
governments and despite hopeful signs Medical Diploma from Kabul University
will not retrench for developing activities,
for the beginning of 2010, the outlook re- and a Master of Business Administra-
but it does not mean that we continue the
mains deeply troubling. A prolonged pe- tion Diploma from Preston University
business as usual. It powerfully requires us
riod of a significantly limited growth inclu- in Peshawar. He has a strong interest in
to adjust ourselves for efficiency. The key
ding for the South Asia is not impossible. microfinance and is a Board Member of
word is efficiency to get the maximum
the Microfinance Investment Support
Facility for Afghanistan, and a Board
Member of SUNDUQ, an Afghan Micro-
finance Institution.
from the available resources.
More than in any other time, microfinance
can and should be expanded to help indi-
viduals and families, introducing products
that feed the needs and price constraints
of local communities. As experience has
proven, some new enterprises supported
by microfinance will grow to serve natio-
nal and even international markets.
Microfinance plays a modest but vital role
in the Afghan drive to reduce poverty.
Since inception in 2003, MISFA has grown
from 4 NGO partners to 15. Over the 5 year
period, accumulative 1.3 million loans have
been disbursed for a total of 570 millions
(these figures are big figures in a country
like Afghanistan), the repayment rate has
been 95% and climbing and nearly two
thirds of the clients are women.
Impressive as these numbers are, there
has still great demand to stick to the ob-
jectives, adjusting ourselves to the cur-
rent requirement of the expansion of the
microfinance sector in Afghanistan. It is
14estimated that some 4 million, approxima- tutions like the community development
tely 13% of the population, need access to committees, CDCs (for instance, the Nei-
credit. Considering each loan provides 1.6 ghbourhood Stabilization Program, NSP
job opportunities, the big opportunity for or the Comprehensive Agricultural Rural
work is ahead, but it will not be easy. development, CAR). Sustainability of mi-
The Afghanistan national development crofinance networks in Afghanistan is our
strategy calls for establishing a framework highest priority.
in which MFIs can exist and expand wi- We are very grateful for the extensive in-
thout being overly burdened with regu- ternational support including by the go-
lation. It should be recognized that micro- vernments of Australia, Canada, Denmark,
finance operations are especially difficult. Finland, Netherlands, Sweden, United Kin-
The cost per borrower is about US$150 gdom, France and the United States; the
which is much higher than in other coun- World Bank, the Asian Development Bank,
tries in the region reflecting among other Oxfam, Novib and CGAP are also major
factors, security concerns and the lower supporters. This broad basis support at-
population density that reduces the num- tests the value the international commu-
ber of cases per loan officer. We should try nity attributes to microfinance in helping
our best to make assistance much cheaper to break the cycle of poverty. The Govern-
and sustainable. ment of Afghanistan very much shares this
As the Deputy Minister of Finance and a view.
new MISFA Board Member and as a former
Board Member of Sunduq, I recommend
that we focus the investments where the
maximum potential for the economic
growth is and that we align our efforts to
the country national development stra-
tegies or to the poverty reduction pro-
grams.
Conclusion by
More specifically as a member of MISFA Mr. Pierre Lafrance
and as the Deputy Minister of Finance,
we plan to focus more on agriculture in Thank you very much Mr. Deputy Minis-
Afghanistan. We have many reasons for ter. I am welcoming all you have said,
this. We plan to bring the overhead cost and especially what you said about
of the MFIs to the lowest possible by dif- agriculture and village economy; for us
ferent measures. We need to avoid to have in Madera that is central. The idea of ad-
several MFIs working in the same provin- dressing the needs of the communities
ces or in the same administrative units; through CDCs and NSP seems very va-
we plan to link them with other commu- luable since it would be a way to achie-
nity-based development activities or insti- ve the much needed joint responsibility
for the use of loans; CDCs are probably
the best way to do it.
15Session 1 Microfinance in South Asia Plenary Session 1 Investment opportunities in microfinance in south asia Despite rapid growth of Microfinance Institutions in recent years, their limited size allows them to only partially respond to financial services needs. Stakeholders will assess the regulatory, political and economic constraints weighing on investments in South Asia in order to evaluate investments opportunities. Moderator Eric DESCHOENMAECKER, Board of directors, ACTED Speakers Ravi D . TISSERA, Director, LOLC Micro Credit Ltd (Sri Lanka) Najibullah SAMIM, Director, Madrac (Afghanistan) Masood Safdar GILL, Director, NRSP UPAP (Pakistan) Syed Mohsin AHMED, Director, Pakistan Microfinance Network Madhavan ATI, Technical Advisor, Microfinance Investment Support Facility Afghanistan (MISFA) Brij MOHAN, Vice Chairman Microfinance, India Summit Shakila WIJEWARDENA, Director, Lanka Microfinance Practitioners Association 16
Introduction by Eric Deschoenmaecker,
Administrator, ACTED
Good morning everyone. The objective of quick overview of their own institutions.
the session will be two folds: The second part of the session will focus
On the first hand, to have a better un- on investment opportunities in microfi-
derstanding and view of what is microfi- nance in the region. In spite of the current
nance in the region, there will be 3 short economic crisis, there are opportunities
presentations by 3 MFIs from Sri Lanka, for growth and investment in India, Pa-
Afghanistan and Pakistan that will give a kistan, Sri Lanka, and Afghanistan. We
clear view of the situation in their respec- will have a look at the current and future
tive countries, the history of microfinance, constraints as well as challenges and pos-
the importance of the sector, the legal fra- sible solutions.
mework and the perspectives, as well as a
The general microfinance context in Sri Lanka
by Ravi D. Tissera, Director of LOLC Micro Credit Ltd
micro savings, according to a recent study by the Central Bank of Sri Lanka. Funding
done by GTZ. for the microfinance sector mainly comes
There are different types of MFIs providing from Government funding credit pro-
microfinance: rural development banks, grams which are usually supported throu-
cooperative rural banks, non govern- gh agencies and the World Bank, compul-
mental organizations, commercial banks, sory savings through the National State
specialized banks, community-based or- Bank and various other community-based
ganizations, government savings & credit programs, the National Development
programmes, leasing & finance compa- Trust Fund which acts like an apex, the Go-
nies. vernment channels funding to small MFIs,
foreign equities and commercial debt fun-
According to a recent study, the purpose ding.
of microcredit in Sri Lanka is:
LOLC Micro Credit Ltd is a for-profit organi-
housing 40% zation that is part of LOLC financial group.
Ravi D. Tissera It began microfinance in 2003. It is registe-
small businesses and enterprises 23%
Ravi Tissera joined LOLC in 1993 and red with the Central Bank of Sri Lanka un-
assets / durables 16%
has experience in Branch Management, der the Finance Lease Act n° 56 of 2000 to
Strategic Partnerships, Development agriculture, livestock, fisheries* 6% carry out microfinance and micro leasing
Banking and Credit Policy Formulation. emergencies 6% activities.
Ravi Tissera conceptualized and intro- consumption 2% It is the 1st private MFI financed with forei-
duced microfinance to LOLC in 2003. He Settlement of loans 2% gn equity (the Netherlands Finance Com-
is a member of the steering committee Others 5% pany FMO is a shareholder) and has been
on Promotion of the microfinance sec- able to attract a lot of foreign investments
* Average loan size is about Rs 26,000
tor PROMIS. in equity as well as in debt.
Currently 50% of the households have un- It has total assets of US$21 million and
Sri Lanka has a long history in microfi- met demand for microfinance, estimated 21,000 active borrowers, which are expec-
nance dating back to 1906 when Thrift at around US$2.5 billion. 42% of the po- ted to reach 40,000 this year.
Societies were established. However the pulation still live with less than US$2 a day
(5% of which are below US$1 a day). LOLC is the only MFI to have an agreement
industry was activated by the cooperative with the Sri Lanka Post that provides micro-
movement two decades ago. Sri Lanka has The Northern and Eastern Provinces of Sri finance through post offices, so that LOLC
at present one of the most diversified mi- Lanka, the two directly conflict-affected can penetrate in rural areas including the
crofinance sectors in South Asia. areas, are now considered as post-conflict post-conflict Eastern Province. It provides
Microcredit is defined by the National De- provinces, there is a high demand for mi- solar home systems to people that are not
velopment Trust Fund of Sri Lanka as loans crocredit because these areas are among connected with electricity.
below Rs 100,000 which is now approxi- the poorest.
mately US$900. Sri Lanka financial market The emergence of more dynamic microfi-
is essentially a microfinance market with nance providers from the private sector is
80% of households having either obtai- beginning to happen and is encouraged
ned a loan of less than Rs 100,000 or have
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