LESIONS ALVEOLAIRES INDUITES PAR LA VENTILATION
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Enseignement Post-Universitaire Anesthésie-Réanimation 2006 LESIONS ALVEOLAIRES INDUITES PAR LA VENTILATION Ventilator-Induced Lung Injury (VILI) Eric Kipnis Service de Réanimation Chirurgicale, Clinique d’Anesthésie-Réanimation, Hôpital Claude Huriez, CHRU Lille
Lésions induites par la VM 14 cm H2O 30 cm H2O 45 cm H2O Mais…Vt? Barotrauma ? / Volotrauma ? Webb HH, Tierney DF Am Rev Respir Dis 1974
VOLOTRAUMA
Volotrauma • Brebis en VS • Injection intra V4 de salicylate de Na: hyperventilation • Témoins: idem mais paralysés/ventilés Hyperventilation en VS! entraîne des lésions histologiques d’ALI Mais effets non individualisés de Vt par rapport a FR… Mascheroni, Intensive Care Med. 1988
Volotrauma Dreyfuss, D, Am Rev Respir Dis 1988
STRESS FAILURE
Stress circonferentiel (PTM) Tension linéaire West JB, AJP Lung, 2003.
Stress failure West JB, J Appl Physiol 1991
Mechanismes de stress failure • Pcap élévées • Matrice extracellulaire anormale (Ex: Sd de Goodpasture) • Hyperinflation pulmonaire / VILI
STRESS FAILURE DU VILI = VOLOTRAUMA
Stress failure / VILI Vt-dépendant, quelle que soit la Ptm West JB, AJP - Lung, 2003.
West JB, AJP - Lung, 2003.
PERMEABILITE
Egan, JAP 1982
Frank AJRCCM 2002
Frank AJRCCM 2002
ATELECTRAUMA
Zone de surdistension Zone de contrainte Zone d’atelectasie Oinhu Lancet 2003
Interdependance alveolaire Ptm > 140 cmH2O Mead J, J Appl Physiol 1970
Forces de cisaillement / shear stress Bilek, A. M. et al. J Appl Physiol 2002
Repetitive Alveolar Collapse And Expansion QuickTime™ and a YUV420 codec decompressor are needed to see this picture. Di Rocco Intensive Care Med. 2006
Repetitive Alveolar Collapse And Expansion QuickTime™ and a QuickTime™ and a YUV420 codec decompressor YUV420 codec decompressor are needed to see this picture. are needed to see this picture. QuickTime™ and a QuickTime™ and a YUV420 codec decompressor YUV420 codec decompressor are needed to see this picture. are needed to see this picture. Halter, Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2003
Repetitive Alveolar Collapse And Expansion Steinberg Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2004
BIOTRAUMA
Inflammation Tremblay, L. et al. J. Clin. Invest. 1997
Inflammation TNFα (ng/ml) 0,3 0,25 0,2 NPV low NPV high 0,15 PPV low PPV high 0,1 0,05 t t (min) 0 -60 -30 0 30 60 90 120 150 Nepomuk et al, AJRCCM 1998
Coagulation intrapulmonaire Dahlem et al, Intens Care Med 1998
Coagulation intrapulmonaire Coagulation markers time Fibrin-formation Fibrin deposit persistence (TAT complexes) (histology) Fibrinolysis Fibrinolysis inhibition (tPA, uPA) (PAI1) Kipnis et al, Shcok 2004
Mechanotransduction Gattinoni et al. Eur Resp J 2004
Mechanotransduction Parker, J. C. et al. J Appl Physiol 1998
Mechanotransduction Vlahakis et al. AJRCCM 2005
Ventilator Induced Lung Injury Ventilator Induced Extrapulmonary Injury
Lésions Extrapulmonaires Imai JAMA 2003
Lésions Extrapulmonaires Imai JAMA 2003
n patients developping organ failure at 72h of admission 40 * 35 30 25 * 10-12 ml/kg 20 6-8 ml/kg 15 10 5 0 l ue e ue ta ue e qu al To aq iq iq ˇn gi og at di lo R ˇp ar ol ro H C at eu ˇm N Grasso ATS 2003 H
GENOMIQUE
• Vt bas vs. Vt élevé 30’ poursuivie 90’ • Expression génomique a 30’ – Alors que les lésions histo n’apparaissent qu’a 90’ – à 30’: • Upregulation de 10 genes – Facteurs de transcription – Proteines de stress – Médiateurs inflammatoires • Suppression de 12 genes – Genes de régulation du métabolisme Copland et al, AJRCCM 2003
PROTEOMIQUE
Kipnis et al, communication ATS 2004
VILI sur poumon lésé (ALI / ARDS) “adding insult to injury”
Niall Curr Op Crit Care 2005
Brun-Buisson Intens Care Med 2004
Kipnis Med Mal Inf 2005
Frank AJRCCM 2002
Frank AJRCCM 2002
Conclusions LE VILI = • Barotrauma • Volotrauma / Stress-failure • Shear-stress • Atelectrauma / RACE • Biotrauma / Méchanotransduction -Troubles de la perméabilité alvéolocapillaire -Troubles de la fonction épithéliale -Inflammation / coagulation -Apoptose TOUS INTRIQUES A DIVERS DEGRES
Conclusions Beaucoup de preuves expérimentales du VILI Et évidence de l’aggravation de lésions par VM Mais…. EXISTE-T-IL UN VILI CLINIQUE?
VILI Clinique Gajic, Critical Care Medicine. 2004
VILI Clinique Gajic, Critical Care Medicine. 2004
Conclusions Aucun traitement des lésions de ALI/ARDS/VILI n’existe Traiter les étiologies des pathologies aggravées par le VILI Prévenir le VILI = ventilation protectrice
ARDSNet NEJM 2004
Tschumperlin, D. J. et al. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 275: L1173-L1183 Tschumperlin, AJRCCM 2000 Copyright ©1998 American Physiological Society
Débit Inspiratoire Maeda, Y, 2004. Anesthesiology 101(3):722-8
Berg Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1998
REPETITIVE ALVEOLAR COLLAPSE AND EXPANSION QuickTime™ and a TIFF (LZW) decompressor are needed to see this picture. Schiller Crit Care Med. 2001
Steinberg Crit Care Med. 2002
QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. Steinberg Crit Care Med. 2002
Tween VILI OA Di Rocco Intensive Care Med. 2006
Jammes Y, Auran Y, Gouvernet J, Delpierrre S, and Grimaud C. The ventilatory pattern of conscious man according to age and morphology. Bull Eur Physiopath Respir 15: 527–540, 1979
Tremblay JCI 1997
Tremblay, L. et al. J. Clin. Invest. 1997;99:944-952 Copyright ©1997 American Society for Clinical Investigation
QuickTime™ and a QuickTime™ and a YUV420 codec decompressor YUV420 codec decompressor are needed to see this picture. are needed to see this picture. QuickTime™ and a QuickTime™ and a YUV420 codec decompressor YUV420 codec decompressor are needed to see this picture. are needed to see this picture. Halter, Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2003
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