GeoAgenda International Associations of Geography - N 2020/2
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N° 2020/2 ASG
GeoAgenda
International
Associations of Geography
FOCUS / FOKUS
4 6 8 12
Chère lectrice, cher lecteur, Liebe Leserinnen und Leser,
GeoAgenda 2020/2 est dédié aux associations Die GeoAgenda 2020/2 ist den internationalen
Une passion Leidenschaft für Interview of Interview of
internationales de géographie. Francisco Klauser Geographieorganisationen gewidmet. Francisco
pour la géographie die Geographie Zoltan Kovacs David Kaplan
président de l’ASG, a exprimé, lors de la Klauser, Präsident der ASG, hat an der letzten
dernières assemblée des délégué.e.s de l’ASG, Delegiertenversammlung der ASG das Knüpfen
16 notre intention d'établir et d'approfondir des
contacts internationaux, dans le but de position-
und Vertiefen internationaler Kontakte mit
dem Ziel, die ASG auf internationaler Ebene zu
ner l’association sur le plan international. positionieren, thematisiert.
Interview of
Suresh Chand Rai
Ce numéro est composé d’un article introductif In dieser Ausgabe sind ein einleitender Artikel
écrit par Francisco Klauser ainsi que de trois von Francisco Klauser sowie drei Interviews zu
interviews, qui offrent un aperçu de différents finden, die einen Einblick geben in verschie-
mondes de la géographie internationale. dene Welten der internationalen Geographie.
AUTRES CONTRIBUTIONS / ANDERE BEITRÄGE La première interview est réalisée avec Zoltán Im ersten Interview äussert sich Zoltán Kovács,
Kovács le président de la European Association der Präsident der European Association of
of Geographical Societies (EUGEO). La deuxième Geographical Societies (EUGEO) und im zweiten
20 est réalisée avec David Kaplan, le président
de l’Association of American Geographers (AAG).
David Kaplan, der Präsident der Association of
American Geographers (AAG). Im dritten kommt
Enseignant.e.s et Finalement, la troisième relate une conversa- schliesslich Suresh Chand Rai, der Präsident
appréhension des enjeux tion avec Suresh Chand Rai, le président de der National Association of Geographers India
de durabilité mondiaux
la National Association of Geographers India (NAGI), zu Wort. Welches sind die Ziele und Tä-
(NAGI). Quelles sont les buts, les activités et tigkeitsfelder dieser Organisationen und vor
les défis de ces associations ? Quelles sont les welchen Herausforderungen stehen sie? Welche
motivations qui mènent une personne à s’en- Beweggründe hat jemand, der sich als Präsi-
ACTUALITÉ / AKTUALITÄT gager comme président.e d’une association de dent/-in einer internationalen Geographieorga-
géographie ? Telles sont les questions autour nisation engagiert? Um solche Fragen drehen
desquelles se structurent les échanges avec nos sich die Gespräche mit unseren Interviewpart-
24 28 invités. nern.
Actualités Agenda Dans la rubrique « Autres contributions » In der Rubrik «Andere Beiträge» widmet sich
Aktualität
l’article de Nadia Lausselet est dédié à la ques- Nadia Lausselet der Ausbildung von Geogra-
tion de la formation des enseignant.e.s de géo- phielehrpersonen und dem im Lehrplan veran-
graphie, dans leur tâche, donnée par le plan kerten Auftrag, die Schülerinnen und Schüler
d’étude, d’accompagner les élèves dans l’ap- in Lernprozessen über aktuelle, globale Heraus-
prentissage des enjeux de durabilité mondiaux forderungen im Bereich der Nachhaltigkeit zu
actuels. begleiten.
Bonne lecture, Viel Vergnügen beim Lesen,
Isabelle Schoepfer Isabelle Schoepfer
4 Focus / Fokus GeoAgenda 2020/2 GeoAgenda 2020/2 Focus / Fokus 5
Une passion
Internationalisation de l’ASG La joie de présider
La deuxième raison de mener les trois entretiens La troisième raison des entretiens nous ramène
réside dans mon intention de positionner et d'orien- finalement au niveau personnel. C'est justement
ter plus fortement l'ASG sur le plan international. parce que la présidence d'une société géographique
pour la géographie
Ces dernières années, l'ASG a fait ses devoirs (pas comporte aussi des défis, qu'il faut parfois simple-
toujours faciles). Les statuts et le système de co- ment se faire plaisir. Le fait de communiquer par
tisation des membres ont été révisés, les groupes vidéoconférence avec un collègue indien, hongrois
thématiques ont été créés, le comité de pilotage ou américain et de mener une interview sur son en-
a été élargi, etc. En outre, nous avons fait l’effort de gagement dans la géographie appartient sans aucun
donner de la visibilité à divers acteurs nationaux et doute à cette catégorie. Plus généralement : l’attrac-
membres de l’ASG. Ceci notamment en les mettant tivité d’une association est toujours aussi liée à sa vie
au cœur de certains numéros spéciaux de Geo- interne et aux relations et échanges qu’elle favorise.
Agenda : l’académie suisse des sciences naturelles Ce point est également abordé dans les trois inter-
(SCNAT), les instituts universitaires de géographie views. Ce n'est pas par hasard que David Kaplan, par
Écrit par C'est un réel plaisir de lire les trois interviews Opportunités et défis des associations et enfin les sociétés régionales. exemple, mentionne dans son interview le plaisir
Francisco Klauser de ce numéro de GeoAgenda sur les associations de géographie Il s'agit maintenant d'établir et d'approfondir qu'il a eu de discuter avec des étudiant.es sur leurs
de géographie : avec Zoltán Kovács (Président de des contacts internationaux. Les enjeux sont grands posters ou à participer à un concours de géographie.
la European Association of Geographical Societies, D'une part, mon objectif avec ces interviews est et l'ASG a beaucoup à apprendre des expériences
EUGEO), David Kaplan (Président de l’Association of de discuter des opportunités et des défis des socié- de ses grands frères et sœurs aux États-Unis, en Inde
American Geographers, AAG) et Suresh Chand Rai tés de géographie au 21e siècle. Il est intéressant de ou en Europe. Mais elle a aussi beaucoup à leur offrir
(Président de la National Association of Geographers noter, par exemple, que les trois interviews sou- en échange, spécialement parce que la géographie
« Au-delà de son utilité,
India, NAGI). Ceci notamment parce que l’on ressent lignent l'importance de renforcer le rôle de l'associa- suisse a toujours été un lieu de rencontre de diffé- l’engagement dans l’association
une véritable passion dans les trois entretiens : celle tion respective par rapport à la politique et à la socié- rentes langues, cultures et traditions scientifiques.
doit aussi être un plaisir. »
de promouvoir le dialogue au sein de la géographie té. Cela implique de toujours trouver le bon équilibre Le souhait d'une coopération accrue a également
et de renforcer la position de la discipline dans entre une prise de position claire et l’indépendance été exprimé par les trois interlocuteurs. Il y a donc ici
l'éducation et dans la société. La passion, nécessaire de l’association par rapport aux autres acteurs. un énorme potentiel à exploiter à l'avenir.
dans de nombreux domaines de la vie, est indispen- De plus, les trois entretiens mettent en évi- C'est là que se trouve l’une des clés pour une
sable pour présider une association ou une société dence le défi consistant à rendre les associations en société géographique saine et prospère. Au-delà de
professionnelle. Bien entendu, ceci n’est qu’une des question utiles et pertinentes pour leurs membres son utilité, l’engagement dans l’association doit aussi
parallèles évidentes avec l’ASG. eux-mêmes. Là aussi, je pourrais témoigner de la
« Il s'agit maintenant être un plaisir. C'est exactement ce que ces inter-
Les trois interviews offrent un aperçu des difficulté à légitimer une association géographique d'établir et d'approfondir des views devraient nous rappeler – à moi-même aussi.
différents mondes de la géographie internationale. non seulement vers l'extérieur, mais aussi vers l'inté-
contacts internationaux. » Être un ou une géographe, président ou présidente,
Le choix des interviewés était surtout guidé par des rieur. Dans le cas de l'ASG, nous travaillons avec des est toujours une affaire de cœur. Ce qui nous ramène
réflexions personnelles. L'AAG devait être représen- moyens beaucoup plus modestes que, par exemple, à la passion.
tée parce que j'avais l'intention de mener l'interview l'AAG. Citons par exemple les petits budgets dédiés
pendant la conférence annuelle de l'AAG à Denver aux groupes thématiques et les subsides pour la
en avril. L'Inde s'y été ajoutée parce que je revenais relève.
d'un voyage dans ce pays et que je voulais savoir En ce qui concerne la question de l'organisation
comment la géographie y est organisée. Et l'EUGEO interne des sociétés géographiques et des défis qui
a été choisi parce qu'Isabelle Schöpfer, en tant que y sont associés, notons au passage aussi que ce
secrétaire générale de l'ASG, aurait dû assister à sa sont des hommes qui sont aux commandes dans les
réunion annuelle à Vilnius, en Lituanie, vers la fin du trois sociétés représentées. Il en va de même pour
mois d’avril. Malheureusement, le coronavirus s'est l'Angleterre, l'Allemagne, la France, l'Italie, la Suisse,
également immiscé dans ces projets. etc. D'ailleurs, en Suisse, l’ASEG et la SSGA sont égale-
Les motivations pour mener les interviews et de ment présidés par des hommes... C'est exactement
les publier sont très diverses. Je voudrais souligner la raison pour laquelle il serait si important de trou-
trois aspects en particulier. ver une femme pour me succéder dans deux ans, à la
fin de mon deuxième mandat de président de l’ASG.
« C'est la raison pour laquelle PROF. FRANCISCO KLAUSER
il serait important de trouver une
Professeur de géographie poli-
femme pour me succéder dans tique à l'Université de Neuchâtel
et président de l'ASG.
deux ans, à la fin de mon deuxième
mandat de président de l’ASG. »
6 Focus / Fokus GeoAgenda 2020/2 GeoAgenda 2020/2 Focus / Fokus 7
Leidenschaft für
Internationalisierung der ASG Freude an der Präsidentschaft
Der zweite Grund für die drei Gespräche liegt in Der dritte Grund für die Gespräche führt dann
der Absicht, die ASG verstärkt auch international zu wieder zur persönlichen Ebene zurück. Gerade weil
positionieren und auszurichten. In den letzten Jahren die Präsidentschaft einer Geographischen Gesell-
die Geographie
hat die ASG ihre (nicht immer einfachen) Hausaufga- schaft auch einige Herausforderungen mit sich bringt
ben gemacht. Die Statuten und das System der Mit- muss man sich manchmal auch schlicht einen Gefal-
gliederbeiträge wurden überarbeitet, die Themen- len tun. Mit einem indischen, ungarischen oder ameri-
gruppen gegründet, das Präsidium breiter aufgestellt, kanischen Kollegen zu skypen und ein Interview über
etc. Zudem wurden verschiedentlich nationale Akteu- sein Engagement für die Geographie zu führen gehört
re und Mitglieder der ASG in den Blickpunkt gerückt. zweifelslos in diese Kategorie. Allgemeiner formuliert:
So wurden beispielsweise in der GeoAgenda nicht Es geht immer auch um das Zwischenmenschliche bei
ganz zufällig zuerst die SCNAT, dann die universitä- einem Verein. Dies kommt auch in allen drei Inter-
ren Geographieinstitute und dann die Regionalgesell- views zur Sprache. Nicht von ungefähr erwähnt zum
Geschrieben von Es macht richtig Freude, die nachfolgenden drei Möglichkeiten und Herausforderungen schaften portraitiert. Beispiel David Kaplan in seinem Interview die Freude
Francisco Klauser Interviews zu lesen: mit Zoltán Kovács (Präsident Nun geht es darum, auch internationale Kontak- die er daraus zog, mit Studierenden über ihre Poster
geographischer Fachgesellschaften
der European Association of Geographical Societies, te zu knüpfen und zu vertiefen. Dabei gibt es viel zu zu diskutieren, oder an einem Geographie-Wettkampf
EUGEO), David Kaplan (Präsident der Association of gewinnen. Zum Beispiel kann die ASG viel lernen von teilzunehmen.
American Geographers, AAG) und Suresh Chand Rai Zum Einen geht es darum, mit den Gesprächen den Erfahrungen ihrer grossen Brüder und Schwes-
(Präsident der National Association of Geographers die Möglichkeiten und Herausforderungen geogra- tern in den USA, in Indien oder Europa. Sie kann die-
India, NAGI). Dies vor allem deshalb, weil in allen drei phischer Fachgesellschaften im 21. Jahrhundert zu sen aber auch selbst einiges bieten, speziell weil die
Gesprächen eine grosse Leidenschaft spürbar ist. Die thematisieren. Interessant ist zum Beispiel, dass in Schweizer Geographie immer schon ein Schmelztiegel
«Mitmachen soll nicht
Leidenschaft, den Dialog innerhalb der Geographie zu allen drei Interviews die Wichtigkeit unterstrichen unterschiedlicher Sprachen, Kulturen und Wissen- nur nützlich sein, sondern
fördern und deren Position in der Bildung und Gesell- wird, die Rolle des jeweiligen Verbandes in Bezug auf schaftstraditionen war. Der Wunsch nach einer ver-
auch Freude bereiten.»
schaft zu stärken. Leidenschaft braucht es in vielen Politik und Gesellschaft zu stärken. Dabei geht es im- mehrten Zusammenarbeit wurde auch von allen drei
Bereichen des Lebens. Aber auf jeden Fall braucht es mer auch darum, den richtigen Mittwelweg zwischen Gesprächspartnern geäussert. Hier besteht also ein
sie auch, um einen Verein oder eine Fachgesellschaft klarer Positionierung und Unabhängigkeit zu finden. riesiges Potential, das es in Zukunft auszuschöpfen gilt.
zu präsidieren. Natürlich ist nicht nur hier die Paralle- Zudem wird in allen drei Gesprächen die Heraus- Genau hier liegt auch ein Schlüssel für eine ge-
le zur ASG naheliegend. forderung deutlich, die jeweiligen Verbände für ihre sunde und erfolgreiche Geographie-Gesellschaft.
Die drei Interviews bieten Einblick in unterschied- Mitglieder selbst nützlich und sinnvoll zu gestalten. Mitmachen soll nicht nur nützlich sein, sondern auch
liche Welten der internationalen Geographie. Die Auch hier könnte ich selbst ein Lied davon singen, wie
«Nun geht es darum, auch Freude bereiten. Eben dies sollen die Gespräche uns
Wahl der Gesprächspartner war dabei vor allem von schwer es manchmal sein kann, einen geographischen internationale Kontakte zu auch in Erinnerung rufen - auch mir selbst. Geographe
persönlichen Überlegungen geleitet. Die AAG musste Verband nicht nur gegen Aussen, sondern auch gegen
knüpfen und zu vertiefen. oder Geographin zu sein, Präsident oder Präsidentin,
rein schon deshalb vertreten sein, weil ich eigentlich Innen zu legitimieren. Im Falle der ASG geschieht dies ist immer auch eine Herzensangelegenheit. Womit wir
vorhatte, das Gespräch während der AAG Jahreskon- bekanntermassen mit weit bescheideneren Mitteln Dabei gibt es viel zu gewinnen. » wieder bei der Leidenschaft wären.
ferenz im April in Denver zu führen. Indien kam hinzu, als zum Beispiel bei der AAG. Erwähnt seien zum Bei-
weil ich gerade von einer Indienreise zurückkomme spiel die kleinen Budgets für die Themengruppen und
und wissen wollte, wie die Geographie in dem Land für den geographischen Nachwuchs.
organisiert ist. Und die EUGEO wurde gewählt, weil Verbunden mit der Frage des Innenlebens geogra-
Isabelle Schöpfer als Generalsekretärin der ASG An- phischer Fachgesellschaften und der damit verbun-
fang April eigentlich an deren Jahresversammlung im denen Herausforderungen sei hier auch angemerkt,
littauischen Vilnius hätte teilnehmen sollen. Auch hier dass bei allen drei portraitierten Gesellschaften Män-
kam jedoch leider der Coronavirus dazwischen. ner am Ruder sind. Das gleiche lässt sich für England,
Die Beweggründe dafür, die Gespräche zu führen Deutschland, Frankreich, Italien, Schweiz, etc. sagen.
und zu publizieren sind äusserst vielfältig. Ich möchte A propos, in der Schweiz werden auch der VSGG und
hier speziell drei Aspekte hervorheben. die SGAG von Männern präsidiert... Genau deshalb
wäre es so wichtig, in zwei Jahren nach meinem zwei-
ten Mandat als Präsident eine Frau als meine Nach-
folgerin zu finden.
«Genau deshalb wäre es PROF. FRANCISCO KLAUSER
so wichtig, in zwei Jahren nach
Professor der Politischen
meinem zweiten Mandat Geographie an der Université
de Neuchâtel und Präsident
als Präsident eine Frau als meine der ASG.
Nachfolgerin zu finden.»
8 Focus / Fokus GeoAgenda 2020/2 GeoAgenda 2020/2 Focus / Fokus 9
Do you know why your colleagues want-
Interview of
ed you to become president of EUGEO?
Well there was no clear list of criteria, but one
point was that the new president had to know how
Zoltan Kovacs
EUGEO was working and should understand the chal-
lenges, so the new president couldn’t be a complete
by Isabelle Schoepfer newcomer. Also, most of the other board members
and the previous two presidents were from west-
ern European communities, and I am from eastern
Europe, so perhaps they also felt it would be a good
change geographically. When I became member of the
and recognize that a significant part of them are Eu- Executive Committee, I made efforts to mobilize col-
What is your role at EUGEO?
ropeans. Many of us thought it was crazy that Euro- leagues and geographical societies in other post-so-
I am the acting president of EUGEO. I was elected pean geographers were going to the US to find study viet countries to become members of the EUGEO and
president in Brussels in 2017 and will be in this po- groups and organize debates on European topics. So my connections helped with this. Gradually I was able
sition until the congress that is planned in Prague in this was the original motivation to organize some- to expand the EUGEO from just core European terri-
August 2021. So, that is a four-year term. In 2017, I was thing inside Europe. Since the start in Amsterdam, tories to involve countries from eastern Europe. Age
also nominated to become president of the Hungari- we have had congresses in Bratislava (2009), London also played a role in the selection. The previous presi-
Group photo at the Galway Congress May 2019. Credits: EUGEO.
an Geography Society (HGS), but I declined because (2011), Rome (2013), Budapest (2015), Brussels (2017) dents where already retired when they were elected, I
one position is enough for me. However, I am the and Galway (2019). The eighth congress will be held was 57 and therefore I had, and still have, an active in-
chairman of the national IGU committee in the HGS. in summer 2021. The attendance of these congresses stitutional background. Finally, in 2015 I was the chief
Both are voluntary positions. fluctuates, depending on locations, but we have man- organizer of an EUGEO congress in Budapest which people in the life of member societies. This year ‘land-
aged to reach a range of 400–500 people. This is still was successful, with nearly 600 participants. We put scape’ is the planned topic, which we chose as a com-
far from the size of the AAG or IGU congresses, but in a lot of effort into this and they saw that I had done mon topic for both human and physical geography.
Can you tell me what the EUGEO is
the meantime EUGEO as a brand has become known a good job. So I think these were the factors for them This seminar was due to take place in Vilnius at the
and whom this association represents? in Europe, especially among early career researchers choosing me. end of April but unfortunately we had to postpone
who have limited budgets for travels outside of Eu- this until late autumn because of the coronavirus pan-
EUGEO stands for Association of Geographical rope. Our policy is to involve young researchers in demic.
Societies in Europe and is an umbrella association of the work of EUGEO and to provide them with cheap
European geographical associations and societies, opportunities for conference participation. There-
"The aim of the association
So EUGEO is for both physical
from 27 countries. It was created in 1996. For the first fore, we keep the registration fee of young (i.e. below is to represent its member
and human geographers?
ten years it began as a kind of friendly club, to keep 35) researchers as low as possible (normally around
societies and to coordinate and
Geographers from different universities from across 100–150 €).
Europe connected. There was a turning point in 2007, initiate collective activities to Yes, we try. Unfortunately, there is an over-rep-
when we had the first EUGEO congress in Amsterdam, advance research and education resentation of human geographers, but we try. I have
organized by the Royal Dutch Geography Society, and been working in a complex geography institution
I was there. That was a congress of about 300 people,
"EUGEO is still far from the size of on the Geography of Europe." with many branches of physical geography and earth
and we decided that from then on, we would orga- the AAG or IGU congresses, but in sciences such as hydrology, meteorology, mineralo-
nize a major geographical congress in Europe every
the meantime EUGEO as a brand gy, physical geography, geo-informatics and I often
two years. The Americans have their AAG, the annual see that some of these colleagues are not so much
meeting of the Association of American Geographers. has become known in Europe, What are the aims of EUGEO? interested in IGU or EUGEO, as they have their own
If the American AAG is held around the Atlantic coast, especially among early career re- networks and meetings (e.g. INQUA for quaternary re-
then the number of participants is around 10,000. The aim of the association is to represent its search) and they have a global conference called EGU
If you are there you will see the list of participants searchers who have limited budgets member societies and to coordinate and initiate col- in Vienna each year, so they don’t feel like they have
for travels outside of Europe." lective activities to advance research and education to go EUGEO congresses. Some colleagues agree with
on the Geography of Europe. It functions as a network my argument that we need to have communication
and a forum for promoting the scientific discipline, and collaboration between physical and human geog-
the school subject and the professional practice of raphy. If we take, right now, the topic of the Covid-19
Geography in Europe. virus, or global warming and climate change, they pro-
PROF. ZOLTAN KOVACS Ok, so you are actively involved in HGS, vide a good platform for both physical and human ge-
EUGEO, IGU. How is your involvement ographers to work together. Unfortunately, in every-
President of EUGEO, the Association
How do you implement the main aims
in these three associations connected? day reality, physical geographers are under the strong
of Geographical Societies in Europe. of the Associations? pressure of ‘publish or perish’, i.e. publish in top qual-
Professor at the University of Szeged, What motivates you to be involved?
Hungary, researching in the fields ity journals within their fields, as they are compared
of urban geography, urbanisation, Through my academic career I have been in- Every 2 years we have big congresses, and in be- with geochemists, geologists etc. So these colleagues
residential mobility, political geog- volved in many international projects and attended tween we have general assemblies and a seminar. don’t think of joint publications with human geogra-
raphy, electoral geography, geography
of post-socialist transformation in a great number of conferences and seminars. I have The seminar is a small-scale event, meaning one day, phers and instead are more open to collaborate with
Hungary and East Central Europe. visited lots of countries around Europe and I became about a topic which is relevant for the member soci- representatives of hard-core earth sciences, and
acquainted with many schools and geographers all eties. For instance, a few years ago we had a topic on move towards climatology, geophysics or information
over Europe. I can use my personal network and con- ‘Geography Publications in National Languages’ and sciences. So this is a general problem, that there is a
nect people, which is also useful for EUGEO. I think we how to compete with the Elsevier and other global permutation at the fringe of geography and there is
must use our experiences to help connect people and Anglo-Saxon publishers and their English language more inclination to collaborate with people in other
mobilize them for the sake of geography. journals. One year our topic was how to involve young fields, in the form of inter-disciplinary collaboration,
10 Focus / Fokus GeoAgenda 2020/2 GeoAgenda 2020/2 Focus / Fokus 11
What are the key challenges for EUGEO? So how do you think we can
strengthen the collaboration between
Surely one challenge is to mobilize people and our
member societies. This is our main task. One import- EUGEO and ASG?
ant aspect of mobilization is communication. For that
purpose, we inform representatives of our member So one thing is to maintain an online connection.
societies by circulating the President’s Letter regularly On our website, ASG has a ‘room’ where it can provide
every six months. Also we use our website to circu- information about the society and its activities. And it
late information among our members, and we use the would be great if you can make a link on the ASG web-
communication opportunities of congresses as well. site to the EUGEO website, so that your members can
The most general challenge for us is to strengthen the follow the forthcoming activities of EUGEO. Secondly,
position of geography among school disciplines and at very importantly, is personal participation. Physical-
the university level. To support primary and second- ly attending the General Assemblies is very import-
ary geography education the Charter of Geography ant. We have them every year so both adjoining the
Teaching/Education was asserted by the IGU in Beijing conferences, and in the years in between the confer-
2016. We recommended that all associations translate ences. This year, it will be in Vilnius in October, as we
this charter into their national languages and put it had to delay it because of the Covid virus.
on their websites so that geography teachers can
access it. This charter is a manifesto for the role of
Thank you so much for the interview,
geography in education and the role of geographical
knowledge among young people. Also we have a big and I look forward to meeting you in
problem that in elementary and grammar schools the Vilnius in October!
reforms always threaten the position of geography.
One of our seminars was on this topic, discussing the
amazing differences in different countries, and to un-
derstand whether there was a threat to the position
of geography. In my country we regularly send letters
to policy makers to support the need for geography to
be kept central to the curriculum. Also we encourage
our member societies to engage in cross-border co-
operation, like school exchange programs organized
by geographers and members of our societies across
EUGEO Seminar and General Assembly Zadar/ Croatia summer 2016, fieldtrip (Z. Kovacs). different countries. If I am approached through the
EUGEO by people who want to apply for grants we
can assist them and provide a letter of support. So
this is symbolic but important that we, as an umbrel-
rather than inside geography. This is a big challenge popularize geography and geographical knowledge. I la organization, offer support and services for grant
everywhere in the world not only in Europe. think the post-Covid19 year will provide a lot of oppor- applications. And if we can sponsor some activities,
tunities for us, as Space, Mobility and Social Interac- like the attendance of young early-career colleagues
tions will be re-evaluated. Under these circumstances at conferences, we will. The opportunities aren’t too
Are there some other activities
we geographers also have to react and focus more on wide of course but we do what we can.
that you organize beside congresses concrete challenges e.g. how virtual tours can be or-
and seminars? ganized.
Does EUGEO have individual members?
Yes, we also support GeoNight. It was initiated by And what about membership fees?
our French member society three years ago, and was
about popular actions, making and propagating the
"We also support GeoNight. It takes For EUGEO, you cannot be an individual member.
usefulness of geographical knowledge among ordi- place every first Friday in April. You are a member of your society and your society
nary people. It takes place every first Friday in April.
GeoNight is basically a night of light, is represented in EUGEO. Until 2013 EUGEO collected
Unfortunately, this year it was cancelled due to the membership fees from societies, but then we stopped
pandemic. The first year the motto was ‘sunset’, and popular events and exhibitions collecting fees because we didn’t really need to have
in Hungary we organized lots of activities related to that will engage people. It’s a sort a budget. We don’t have secretariat fees and have
sunset such as climbing a mountain to watch it, or mostly online activities. So, with the reserves that we
going to a wine restaurant and explaining the role of of campaign to popularize geography had left from previous fees, we decided to sponsor
volcanic soils in wine production, or a national photo and geographical knowledge." the congresses, asking the organizers to use this to
contest about sunset. Many other countries and cit- subsidize the participation fee of young scholars. We
ies participate in the GeoNight initiative and this has have had successful grant schemes at our previous
become very popular among our members. GeoNight congresses.
is basically a night of light, popular events and exhibi-
tions that will engage people. It’s a sort of campaign to
At the closing ceremony of the Brussels 2017 congress.
Credits: EUGEO.
12 Focus / Fokus GeoAgenda 2020/2 GeoAgenda 2020/2 Focus / Fokus 13
Interview of
David Kaplan
by Francisco Klauser
Whom does the AAG represent? How do you negotiate these two levels,
the global and the national level?
The American Association of Geographers is the
pre-eminent community of geographers in the US. I think it’s a tricky thing to do and we’re doing it as
It began as an association that was primarily meant we speak. One thing I’ve tried to do is to create more
to represent academic geographers, and it still has a options for people to be involved in the governance
strong academic bent although it also welcomes peo- of the association. Two of the newest editors of our
ple who are non-academics. There are a large num- flagship journal, ‘The Annals’, are outside of the US –
ber of graduate students as you might imagine and one is based in London and one is based in British Co-
current faculty or ex-faculty in geography either be- lombia. I’m also trying to initiate a program - and we’ll
long to the AAG or have belonged to it at some point. I see how successful it is - where we have a councillor
don’t think there would be too many people who have who comes from outside of the US to represent peo-
never belonged to the AAG at some point in their ca- ple from other parts of the world.
reers.
Right now we have about 12,000 members and
about 30% of our members come from outside of the
US. I would say the AAG has emerged as a meeting
"The AAG has become a
Poster session, AAG annual conference 2019, 4 April 2019, Washington, DC. Photo: Rebecca Pendergast
point for geographers from the whole world, unlike very important hub for
other associations. We have tried to acknowledge
worldwide geography but
that. Years ago, we changed the name from the Asso-
ciation of American Geographers to the American As- in the US, geography is as powerful a discipline as it is in other parts of the hance their regional publicity, which is something I’ve
sociation of Geographers which indicates that we are not nearly as powerful a world. In the US, only about 1% of all college students been working on today. We’re trying to do what we
based in the US but see ourselves as the association are geography majors, and I compared this to the UK can to create better connections.
of geographers throughout the world. discipline as it is in other where it is about 5%. I don’t know what it is in Switzer- Also, whenever we find out a university depart-
parts of the world." land but it’s probably similar to the UK. In the UK it’s ment has problems or there is a threat to its existence
a strong major on a par with majors such as history, we get together and do everything we can to send
political science or geology – we don’t quite have that support documents and whatever might be helpful.
in the US and of course we’re always concerned with So far it has been effective; we’ve done a good job of
that. So one of the things we’re trying to do is improve forestalling closures and keeping geography viable
Do you also get national, regional or local the status of geography locally and nationally. around the entire country.
equests? Can you engage for example
DAVID KAPLAN
with issues surrounding the teaching of How do you implement your main aims? Is your position an honorary position,
is the president of the American geography in primary or secondary We were just talking about these edu- or do you get a salary for it because you
Association of Geographers (AAG).
He is also a professor of Geog- schools? cational issues and objectives. Do you seem to be extremely busy!
raphy at Kent State University,
where he has taught since 1995. have people in your organisation deal-
His main research interests in- Yes. While we are thinking about the world and ing with that specific aspect, or do you No and no, haha! It’s not an honorary position
clude nationalism, borderlands, international geography we’re also always thinking a and I don’t get a salary. The way the governance works
ethnic and racial segregation, lot about our regions. One of the things I try to do is
have specific funding to provide to help for the AAG is that there are councillors, some of them
urban and regional development,
to bolster the roles of the regions. We’re divided into promote geography education? are voted on in their respective regions and some are
housing finance, and sustainable
transportation. 9 US based regions and each of those regions has an voted by the larger group, and then there is what I call
important position. They also have their own meet- In terms of helping out at the more local level I presidential councillors. I was nominated and suc-
Image: David Kaplan at the awards
ings for example. just had a 3-hour discussion with my task force on cessfully ran for vice-president. Then the vice-presi-
ceremony, AAG annual conference
2019, 7 April 2019, Washington, DC. The other part is that, you’re right, we’re always regions, via zoom, about how we go about getting dent pretty much automatically becomes the pres-
Photo: Rebecca Pendergast worried about the state of geography in the US. It’s the regions more support. It does often boil down to ident. There’s a vote, but you’re normally the only
in some ways ironic, because as the US is so big and money. The central office might give the regions ex- person who’s on the ballot. And after the president’s
as the AAG is fairly strong the AAG has become a very tra money to do things, but there can also be indirect term they continue to be in the leadership team and
important hub for worldwide geography but as you funds that we free up via extra support. The central on the executive committee.
probably know, in the US, geography is not nearly office might assume certain responsibilities or en- In terms of paid staff, we also work with an exec-
14 Focus / Fokus GeoAgenda 2020/2 GeoAgenda 2020/2 Focus / Fokus 15
If we stay with the more personal "In this current political
questions, what comes to mind situation where there’s so much
if I ask you to tell me a good story of
your time as president?
anger at the president and the
nature of our politics, geographers
I would say among the most fulfilling aspects of have to be very balanced."
my job has been the opportunity to go to a lot of re-
gional meetings. One of the things that I enjoyed the
most is going around to all the student posters and
presentations that I could see and really talking to
the students. I think they got a thrill out of it because
On the other hand, I would expect a
it’s like ‘Woah the president of the AAG is checking massive organisation like the AAG
up with me!’ It’s just a title, but for many of them it is to also be under pressure from politics.
something that is meaningful because it represents Pressure to be useful for specific pur-
‘Geography’. And here they are as undergraduate and
poses and to contribute to national poli-
graduate students, and they get a chance to explain
to me what their research interests are. It was real- cies. The question is, how do we remain
ly heart-warming being able to go around to see all critical and how do we remain indepen-
these students and their work and I’d never been able dent? Do you experience any of this
to do that before. tension between the more applied di-
There have also been some other experiences,
which have been interesting. When I was in one of
mension of geography and then the
the regions, they insisted that the president be on the more critical and perhaps activist stance?
‘dream team’ for the ‘Geography Bowl’. We have a big
Geography Bowl situation here, where all the regions I think that’s a very important issue. I’m actually
have a geography team and they all compete within going to write a column about geography and politics
the region against each other and at a national level for June 1st- maybe my last column as I don’t know
and they insisted that I be on this team and, of course, how controversial it’s going to be, haha! Especially in
I didn’t get any questions right! Hahahaha. That’s the this current political situation where there’s so much
way it is! Haha. anger at the president and the nature of our politics,
Meeting on teaching geography, AAG annual conference 2019, 4 April 2019, Washington, DC. Photo: Rebecca Pendergast
geographers in some ways have to be very balanced.
But it’s hard to balance the role of being objective
Ha! Yes, I always have that experience
scholars and truth finders with some of the feelings
when I’m doing a pub quiz, you know? that we have.
Whenever there’s a geography question I will also say that in geography there is a tension
and I just don’t have a clue! So, in the between what we call applied geography and critical
next 5–10 years what do you think will geography. There are some geographers who swing in
utive director who is the paid officer of the AAG and well-represented institutions, such as community col- one way very strongly or swing in the other way really
there are about 20 staff members at the AAG in Wash- leges, smaller state universities and historically black
be your key challenges as an association? strongly. I think most of us are in the middle trying to
ington DC. So, the president and the council are the colleges, of which there are many in the US. Places like I think our challenge will be being able to main- do what we can and see what our value is to our or-
people who make the policy and make decisions and these have a big role to play and my sensitivity to it is tain and increase the number of geographers not ganisation or institution but also be at a point where
then the AAG from the Executive Director down are probably based on my background. just in the association but in the US. It’s good to be we can question critically the underlying premises
the ones who implement the policy. global, but geography in the US is always in a tenu- or assumptions when you’re told ‘you have to take a
ous position and I think that we have to motivate peo- stand against this’ or ‘for this’.
ple around the country to do whatever is possible to
So what motivated you "One of the things that increase the number of students in geography. This
to assume that role? I look forward to reading your column!
I enjoyed the most is going has been a continual challenge, but I think sometimes
Thank you very much it has been a great
around to all the student geographers can lose sight of that when they get in-
pleasure to talk to you.
Someone nominated me to be VP - and I was very volved in their own things.
surprised and happy. I just said ‘Wow’! My university posters and presentations
is a good, solid university, it’s a research university, that I could see and really
and we have a lot of PhD students, but it’s not con-
sidered one of the top 20 or 30 universities in the US talk to the students."
like the University of Wisconsin or Berkley or places
like that. Most of the AAG presidents have historically
come from those types of institutions. I have always
said that I was one of the few people that did not
come from one of the more elite institutions in the
country, which I think is a good thing. It’s really helped
to spark my interest in bringing the community of
geography much more towards what I consider less
16 Focus / Fokus GeoAgenda 2020/2 GeoAgenda 2020/2 Focus / Fokus 17
Interview of
Suresh Chand Rai
by Francisco Klauser
As the general secretary of the National So, do you have an idea of how many
Association of Geographers, India, what members you have?
does this role imply?
Yes, currently we have 2560 enrolled members.
I have been working for our association, the NAGI
(National Association of Geographers, India) as the
Wow, that’s a big association. In Swit-
Secretary General since 2010. My responsibility is to
manage the association activities. I control all of the zerland, in my own association, we only
publications from the national association, and our have institutional members, so univer-
financial management. Because the whole organisa- sities or other regional associations but
tion is managed by the Secretary General, my role is not people. It is therefore much smaller
very large.
and easier to manage.
Prof. Suresh Chand Rai, Secretary-General, NAGI presented Activity report in the inaugural session of 41st Indian Geography Congress,
I see. Also, apart from Indian members we have held at Dr. H.S. Gaur Vishwavidyalaya, Sagar, M.P., India, 28th December 2019. Photo: K. Mishra.
Who is part of your organisation? Who
over 50 foreign country members from Germany, the
do you represent? Is it all geographers in USA, Nepal, and others.
India or specific institutions?
So I could become a member? and I am about to sign the MOU with the Taiwan Ge- "In India Geography is very
All geographers in India who are working in the ography Association. Another aim is to improve the
popular so we want to strengthen
university or college system, and some who are work- Yes, you can become a member! teaching of geography at all levels. Our concern is to
ing in multi-disciplinary subjects such as political improve the curriculum and our international status our knowledge and collaborate
science, sociology and economics are also members
And how much is the membership fee? and to train our teachers to teach geography at an with other associations to get their
of our association. We also have some institutional international standard. We also meet with Indian ge-
members such as University and departmental librar- A life membership fee for foreign members is ography colleagues once a year. Every year in differ- expertise."
ies. So, this association is very large and represents $150. So, once you pay that fee you are a member for ent parts of the country we organise a national level
the entire country. We have members from every part life. And for Indian members it is 4000 rupees. For conference called the Indian Geography Congress. We
of the country and some other parts of the world, and those who are life members you get our journal, The host it in different parts of the country each year to Yes, it is so beautiful there in the moun-
we are the only national level organisation for geogra- Annals, free of cost, as well as our circulars such as ensure people can access this. We have also conduct-
tains.
phers in India. newsletters. So, if you become a life member you will ed four or five international level conferences for in-
get all of the information without charge. ternational scholars. Darjeeling tea is very nice and Sikkim tea is also
very flavourful.
So, what are the main aims of your Yes, I think there was an international
association? conference at the end of December, right? You mentioned collaborations with
PROF. SURESH CHAND RAI other national associations. Could you
The main aim is to promote geography research Yes, we had one conference at Sagar in Madhya discuss that a little more and also
Professor in Physical Geography at
the Department of Geography,
in the country and secondly to cooperate with pro- Pradesh. mention whether there could be some
Delhi School of Economics, Univer- fessional organisation of associated disciplines and scope for collaboration with the Swiss
sity of Delhi. His most significant to promote academic interaction within an interdis-
contributions are in the field of
Yes, I was actually in India then but I association?
ciplinary frame. Thirdly, another aim is to cooperate
land and water resource manage-
with other international organisations with similar was in the north of the country traveling Yes, we are very open to collaboration with other
ment, watershed management,
biodiversity, ecotourism and objectives and our intention is to collaborate in joint around Chandigarh and Amritsar and associations. By collaborating with other internation-
microlevel planning. Since 2010, academic activities and share our research. So far, I then Darjeeling on the other side so I al association our people can learn something from
he is serving as Secretary General can tell you that we have four foreign associations what is going on in Geography research in other parts
of National Association of Geog- couldn’t go.
raphers, India (NAGI).
who have signed our memorandum of understanding of the world. So we are always welcoming other or-
(MOU), declaring that we have similar objectives and I spent around 15 years in the Darjeeling and Sik- ganisations to join hands with us and sign an MOU.
that we will work together. We have an MOU with the kim area, my whole research area is based on the Sik-
Russian Geography Association, the Chinese Geogra- kim and Darjeeling area.
phy Association, the Vietnam Geography Association,
18 Focus / Fokus GeoAgenda 2020/2 GeoAgenda 2020/2 Focus / Fokus 19
trying to improve the standard of the geography sylla-
bus, so we are training teachers and trying to improve
and modernise their traditional approach. It is very
difficult to get the expertise to the teachers working
in rural areas, because technology is changing very
fast and it is very difficult to distribute the expertise
at that pace. So, these are the major challenges that
we are going to face.
Our association is not very powerful. We have a
lot of members but we don’t have any strong say in
government policy, and this is a major problem be-
cause in other associations like in Russia and in China
they have a very strong voice in the government but
here in India we don’t have any way to advise, or get
involved in debates about programmes or policy so
Release of souvenir during 41st Indian Geography Congress by President, President-elect,
this is where we are lacking and we are trying to re- Secretary-General, Chief Guest and convenor of the 41st Indian Geography Congress, held at
solve all of these problems. Dr. H.S. Gaur Vishwavidyalaya, Sagar, M.P., India, 28th December 2019. Photo: K. Mishra.
standards to an international level. I knew, as I was
in government, what these standards were in other
"If our government would parts of the world and I wanted to help the Indian as-
take advice from the association sociation to reach those standards. Since I took the
and members, I think that job we have slowly and steadily improved in terms
of governance and structure as well as outputs. Now
would be a very fruitful addition we are producing an international standard journal
to Indian policy." which is very popular, has good quality papers and is
available both online and in hard copy. We have bet-
ter finances and the standard of the governance has
improved a lot. So, these are motivators, to improve
standards of geography in the country. This is why I
Life Time Achievement Award received by Prof. Suresh Chand Rai, Secretary-General, NAGI during the 41st Indian Geography Congress, held at Dr. H.S. Gaur So, you would like to have a stronger serve this organisation for free.
Vishwavidyalya, Sagar, M.P., India, 28th December 2019. Photo: K. Mishra.
impact on public policy?
You do all of this for free?
If our government would take advice from the as-
And what would that involve? that we have had 13 memoriam lectures already. The sociation and members, I think that would be a very Yes.
other thing is we give awards to those who contribute fruitful addition to Indian policy. Our professors and
Whenever we sign the MOU with other organisa- to the field of geography every year and these have members are working in different parts of the coun-
Wow, so you give a lot of time to it.
tions, we make sure we share all our information with become prestigious awards given to renowned Geog- try and if we want to improve the status of geography
them, and we invite them to present papers at our na- raphers of our country. This is unique to us, I think. and the resources across the country that would be Yes, I spend a lot of time managing all our finan-
tional and international conferences. useful. We are trying to convince our policy makers to cial work, the governance, communicating with all of
include and engage with the advice of geographers. our members. I spend my energy and time to raise the
status of our association.
One reason for my interview was also to "We give awards to those
strengthen my own association’s links Would you be able to question policies?
who contribute to the field of So, if you could just share one particular
with other associations so that could be To have a critical engagement with
geography every year and things that happens in India? story or anecdote which is funny for
an interesting possibility.
these have become prestigious you or something special that you expe-
Right, in India Geography is very popular so we awards given to renowned We do not have the connections at the moment, rienced.
want to strengthen our knowledge and collaborate we have a limited scope to say anything even in areas
with other associations to get their expertise, so this Geographers of our country." such as environmental policy, but I think our exper- When I signed the first MOU with the Russian
is a good initiative to create links with more associa- tise could help. Geography Association it was my responsibility, and
tions. this was the first time we had signed an MOU with
any international agency. The council was organised
What motivated you to become part of
These are very inspiring ideas for my in Moscow and I travelled there and stayed there and
So, what do you think is specific the association? met international geographers for this collaborative
about your association, if you compare organisation. What do you think for your
achievement. This was a unique achievement for our
it to other ones? association will be your key challenges? Well, prior to my current role I was working in the association and for me it was a great moment, espe-
government sector in the Ministry for Environmental cially because the Russian Geography Association is
We organise memorial lectures, which are talks As you know, geographical pedagogy and knowl- Affairs. When I joined, I saw that the condition of the one of the oldest geography associations in the world.
given by eminent geographers in the name of other edge moves very fast at international levels, so we geography association was not very good, in terms of It was founded in 1845.
geographers who, in their lifetime, made a significant need to keep pace with international knowledge and their financial situation and their publications. This
contribution to Indian geography on an international pedagogy to ensure our students are competitive. We motivated me, I felt that as I was working in the field
Thank you so much for the interview!
level. We raise funds for and organise these memori- have to have strong collaborations with the world, of geography it was my responsibility to improve the
al lectures every year; you may be surprised to know and with the government also. At school level we are association financially and academically to raise the20 Autres contributions / Andere Beiträge GeoAgenda 2020/2 GeoAgenda 2020/2 Autres contributions / Andere Beiträge 21
Quelle formation des ensei-
gnant.e.s de géographie
pour appréhender les enjeux
de durabilité mondiaux ?
À débattre L’éducation en vue d’un développement du-
De quoi les enseignant.e.s de géographie ont-ils/elles rable (EDD), qui a pour objectif de rendre capable
de participer à l’évolution de nos sociétés vers la
besoin pour implémenter des pratiques qui aident les
durabilité, prend dans ce contexte tout son sens.
élèves à appréhender et à s’impliquer dans les enjeux
Bien qu’intégrée depuis la décennie EDD (2005-2014)
de durabilité mondiaux actuels ? dans les plans d’études, il s’avère que dans la réali-
Des synergies entre la didactique de la géographie et té des classes romandes les pratiques sont encore
hésitantes, mettent majoritairement l’accent sur le
des modèles de compétences en éducation en vue d’un
pôle environnemental (Hertig & Audigier 2010) et dé-
développement durable (EDD) permettent-elles de mieux bouchent souvent sur des propositions d’écogestes
outiller les enseignant.e.s de géographie à ce niveau ? à tendance normative amenés dans le cadre d’un
enseignement majoritairement frontal (Pache et
Quels sont les impensés de la formation des ensei-
al., 2018). Cette absence de problématisation des Exemple d’outil de réflexion aidant les enseignant.e.s à aller au-delà des éco- Audigier, F. (2011). Education en vue du développement durable et didactiques.
gnant.e.s dans ce domaine ? gestes individuels et à faire réfléchir leurs élèves à divers acteurs, qui peuvent In: F. Audigier, N. Fink, N. Freudiger, P. Haeberli (Eds.). L’éducation en vue
savoirs, de réflexion sur la finalité du développement intervenir à diverses échelles d’action. Les cercles imbriqués indiquent d'une du développement durable : sciences sociales et élèves en débats (47–71). Les
de nos sociétés et de travail par compétences va à part que divers acteurs et leurs actions respectives peuvent s'articuler autour Cahiers de la section des Sciences de l’Education de l’Université de Genève
l’encontre « des postures d’éducation citoyenne à d'un même but, d'autre part qu’un individu peut s’engager à diverses échelles N°130. Genève : Université de Genève.
d'acteurs, donc tant au niveau individuel qu'étatique national par exemple.
visée délibérative ou critique » (Barthes & Alpe, 2013)
Écrit par: La situation de pandémie que nous vi- et d’une éducation transformative, éléments pour-
Nadia Lausselet tant au cœur de l’EDD. En d’autres termes, il semble
nadia.lausselet@ vons actuellement illustre l’idée de ges-
encore difficile à une majorité d’enseignant.e.s de
hepl.ch tion de l’incertitude prenant en compte
créer ce que Lange (2015) nomme des « situations
le principe de précaution. Elle rend capacitantes » permettant à leurs élèves d’exercer préhension des interdépendances entre les sociétés « La formation a un rôle
visibles les dynamiques de diffusion et et d’acquérir les outils qui leur seront utiles pour et avec leur espace environnant ; elle mène une
de polarisation, ainsi que l’ensemble évoluer dans et faire évoluer les sociétés face aux réflexion sur les phénomènes de diffusion et de po-
essentiel à jouer pour favoriser
complexe des interdépendances du lo- défis actuels. En plus de cela, l’articulation avec les larisation à différentes échelles spatiales qui favorise l'implémentation d'une
cal au mondial. Elle offre un espace de disciplines scolaires est rarement explicitée, ce qui une entrée dans la complexité ; elle met en lumière
ne facilite pas l’opérationnalisation de l’EDD dans le le (non)-lien au lieu ainsi que le rôle des acteurs et
géographie critique, prospective
réflexion sur nos modèles de société,
système scolaire actuel, et ne permet pas de tirer de leurs représentations dans la gestion de l'espace et citoyenne faisant réellement
de production et de gouvernance ; sur profit au mieux d’un détour par ces disciplines. (donc de l'environnement au sens large). Ce sont
notre rapport Humain-Nature ; et sur là autant de clés de lecture du monde qui peuvent
écho aux enjeux contemporains. »
la notion d’urgence, sanitaire et éco- aider la jeune génération à appréhender les défis
nomique, mais aussi climatique, envi- « L'absence de problématisation mondiaux avec lesquels nous devons composer, et
ronnementale et sociétale. C’est pour qui tissent des liens avec une EDD. Et lorsque le déve-
des savoirs, de réflexion sur loppement durable (DD) est évoqué dans les textes Enjeux de la formation
mieux tenir compte de ces enjeux de
la finalité du développement de officiels, il l’est souvent en lien avec la géographie ou des enseignant.e.s
durabilité mondiaux et de leurs impli- un domaine affilié. Pourtant, et malgré le fait que les
cations pour l’enseignement-appren- nos sociétés et de travail par élèves demandent pro-activement à traiter des défis Il semble donc que la formation des ensei-
tissage que ma recherche doctorale compétences va à l'encontre de mondiaux, de nombreux enseignant.e.s hésitent à gnant.e.s ait un rôle essentiel à jouer tant pour
cherche à articuler les avancées de la aborder des questions pouvant s’avérer complexes favoriser l’implémentation d’une EDD émancipatrice
didactique de la géographie et de l’EDD,
la visée transformative de l'EDD. » ou sujettes à controverses, et tendent à rester dans que pour promouvoir la pratique d’une géographie
une géographie descriptive, peu critique et exemptée faisant réellement écho aux enjeux contemporains.
l’objectif étant d’accompagner au plus
de réflexions prospectives sociétales. Cette géographie critique, prospective et citoyenne,
près les enseignant.e.s dans leur travail Dans la palette des disciplines scolaires, la qui intègre une réflexion sur l’avenir de nos sociétés,
autour de ces questions. géographie est dans ce contexte privilégiée, car elle la finalité de nos économies et un rapport renouvelé
s’articule aisément avec l’EDD en tant qu’approche au monde, et qui favorise une dimension « capa-
transversale. De par sa double appartenance aux citante » pour les élèves est certes en discussion
Sciences Humaines et de la Nature, elle facilite l’ap- au niveau de la recherche et est progressivementVous pouvez aussi lire
